Figure 3. SHP feature dependence plots of the identified variables on sociodemographic characteristics, tobacco dependence, tobacco/nicotine use, and susceptibility for predicting switching behaviours.

SHAP values are presented on the y-axis, and variables are presented on the x-axis. Positive SHAP values indicate increased probability of that specific switching behaviour while negative SHAP values indicate decreased probability. Variables presented in the panels are (a) age, (b) body mass index, (c) level of education, (d) former established EC user, (e) average number of CCs smoked per day, (f) number of minutes from waking to smoking first CC, (g) used an electronic nicotine product in the past 12 months, (h) former experimental hookah user, (i) which cigarette they would most hate to give up, (j) level of agreement with frequently smoking without thinking about it, (k) susceptibility to hookah use, and (l) used any anti-inflammatory or pain medication in the past year.

EC, e-cigarette; CC, combustible cigarette; SHAP, SHapley Addictive exPlanations.