Figure 2.

The macrophage phenotype spectrum is directly related to the stimulation of either inflammation (orange) or regeneration (blue) within the implant site. A combination of biochemical compounds and adaptive cell types affect monocyte behavior and the subsequent differentiation to macrophages. The differentiation to varying polarization states, either proinflammatory (M1) or anti‐inflammatory (M2), is defined by a unique mix of cytokines and chemokines present in the microenvironment. Additionally, the physical traits of the implant are able to steer polarized macrophages toward expressing inflammatory or regenerative effects.