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. 2021 Jan 20;33(9):2007982. doi: 10.1002/adma.202007982

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Concept and materials. a) Photograph of the desiccation tolerant plant Ramonda myconi and adaptation of a cutoff leave during drying (scale bar 1 cm). Adapted under the terms of the CC‐BY 4.0 license.[ 4 ] Copyright 2018, The Authors, published by Frontiers. b) Left: Chemical structures and simplified depiction of the phase‐separated morphology of PEDOT:PSS. Center: Schematic of a PEDOT:PSS/PDMS bilayer in the dry state and illustration of the bending after swelling at high r.H. Right: Actuator experiment with a 17 µm thick bilayer in the dry (r.H. = 0.01%) and wet (r.H. = 88%) state (scale bar 2 mm). c) Scheme of the concept of this work. Actuation was analyzed by imaging to extract curvatures κ. Rheological measurements were conducted to determine mechanical properties of the layers. Those could be used in a model to predict actuation, which was compared to the experimental results.