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Directed acyclic graph (DAG) representations of the bidirectional effects over time. (A)PEG is exposure of interest and depression is outcome of interest; (B) Depression is exposure of interest and PEG is outcome interest.
Adapted from Kunicki EJM, Zach. OSF Preprints As the Wheel Turns: Casual Inference for Feedback Loops and Bidirectional Effects. 2024 (49).
