Appendix C Table 1.
Mean difference in baseline PEG for given change in baseline exposure
| Exposure | Unit/referent* | Unadjusted mean difference (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference (ESC-DAG adjustment sets) (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference (95% CI) (ESC-DAG + sensitivity analysis adjustment sets) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | Never smoked | |||
| Current smoker | 1.24 (0.78, 1.70) | 0.36 (−0.07, 0.78)a | 0.28 (−0.09, 0.64)a | |
| Past smoker | 0.10 (−0.15, 0.34) | −0.09 (−0.31, 0.13)a | −0.07 (−0.26, 0.12)a | |
| PROMIS sleep disturbance T-score | +8.0 | 0.87 (0.76, 0.97) | 0.77 (0.66, 0.88) b | 0.36 (0.24, 0.48) b |
| PROMIS depression T-score | +10.1 | 0.83 (0.72, 0.94) | 0.28 (0.17, 0.40) c | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.23)c |
| BMI | Normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) | |||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 0.29 (−0.91, 1.50) | 0.29 (−0.86, 1.45)d | −0.33 (−1.26, 0.60)d | |
| Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 0.36 (0.08, 0.65) | 0.37 (0.09, 0.65) d | 0.24 (0.02, 0.47) d | |
| Obesity class I (30–34.9 kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.69, 1.33) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.17) d | 0.41 (0.16, 0.66) d | |
| Obesity class II (35–39.9 kg/m2) | 1.00 (0.60, 1.41) | 0.76 (0.37, 1.15) d | 0.25 (−0.06, 0.57)d | |
| Obesity class III (≥40 kg/m2) | 1.86 (1.45, 2.28) | 1.39 (0.98, 1.80) d | 0.55 (0.21, 0.89) d | |
| Number of alcoholic drinks per week | −4.6 | 0.29 (0.17, 0.40) | 0.12 (0.01, 0.23) e | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10)e |
Continuous variable units approximate 1 SD increase or 1 SD decrease; for categorical variables, referent group is listed.
adjusted for age, sex, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, education (+pain self-efficacy, PTSD, workers compensation, mistreatment due to race/ethnicity, relationship status, history of low-back operation, current opioid use, duration of low-back pain, fatigue, cognitive function in fully-adjusted model)
adjusted for age, sex, financial strain (+PTSD, mistreatment due to race/ethnicity, relationship status, social isolation, history of low-back operation, current opioid use, duration of low-back pain, fatigue, cognitive function in fully-adjusted model)
adjusted for age, sex, BMI, sleep disturbance, education, financial strain, fear avoidance, pain catastrophizing (+PTSD, mistreatment due to race/ethnicity, relationship status, social isolation, history of low-back operation, current opioid use, duration of low-back pain, fatigue, cognitive function in fully-adjusted model)
adjusted for age, sex, education, financial strain (+expectation of pain relief, pain self-efficacy, PTSD, workers compensation, mistreatment due to race/ethnicity, relationship status, history of low-back operation, current opioid use, duration of low-back pain, fatigue, cognitive function in fully-adjusted model)
adjusted for age, sex, depression, anxiety, education (+pain self-efficacy, PTSD, workers compensation, mistreatment due to race/ethnicity, relationship status, social isolation, history of low-back operation, current opioid use, duration of low-back pain, fatigue, cognitive function in fully-adjusted model)