Table 2. Characteristics of soil samples collected in each study site and overall.
| Benin n (%) |
India n (%) |
Kenya n (%) |
Total n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Samples | 160 (100) | 153 (100) | 165 (100) | 478 (100) |
| Sample Type | ||||
| Household entrance soil | 104 (65.0) | 99 (64.7) | 117 (70.9) | 320 (66.9) |
| Water source soil | 56 (35.0) | 54 (35.3) | 48 (29.1) | 158 (33.1) |
| Soil Type A (most stable) | 63 (39.4) | 69 (45.1) | 101 (61.2) | 233 (48.7) |
| Clay | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (3.7) | 10 (2.1) |
| Clay loam | 19 (11.9) | 9 (5.9) | 22 (13.6) | 50 (10.5) |
| Loam | 14 (8.8) | 51 (33.3) | 27 (16.7) | 92 (19.4) |
| Sandy clay | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.4) |
| Sandy clay loam | 11 (6.9) | 3 (2.0) | 13 (8.0) | 27 (5.7) |
| Silty clay | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 11 (6.8) | 12 (2.5) |
| Silty clay loam | 14 (8.8) | 4 (2.6) | 22 (13.6) | 40 (8.4) |
| Soil Type B | 17 (10.6) | 84 (54.9) | 36 (21.8) | 137 (28.7) |
| Sandy loam | 10 (6.2) | 72 (47.1) | 23 (14.2) | 105 (22.0) |
| Silt loam | 7 (4.4) | 12 (7.8) | 13 (8.0) | 32 (6.7) |
| Soil Type C (least stable) | 80 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 25 (15.2) | 105 (22.0) |
| Loamy sand | 29 (18.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.9) | 32 (6.7) |
| Sand | 51 (31.9) | 0 (0.0) | 22 (13.6) | 73 (15.4) |
| Feces visible at sampling location | 44 (27.5) | 32 (20.9) | 39 (23.6) | 115 (24.1) |
| Soil visibly wet | 86 (53.8) | 16 (10.5) | 63 (38.2) | 165 (34.5) |
| Soil in sun | ||||
| Partly sunny | 23 (14.4) | 1 (0.7) | 91 (55.2) | 115 (24.1) |
| Shaded | 28 (17.5) | 3 (2.0) | 18 (10.9) | 49 (10.3) |
| Sunny | 109 (68.1) | 149 (97.4) | 56 (33.9) | 314 (65.7) |
| Soil moisture (%) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 6.19 (5.55) | 5.00 (7.35) | 21.92 (11.29) | 11.24 (11.48) |
| Range | 0.00–19.65 | 0.00–43.42 | 0.00–67.21 | 0.00–67.21 |
| Soil pH | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 8.06 (0.34) | 7.81 (0.28) | 7.88 (0.46) | 7.92 (0.39) |
| Range | 6.95–9.35 | 6.63–8.54 | 5.66–9.34 | 5.66–9.35 |