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. 2023 Mar 8;12(17):2203115. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202203115

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic illustration of the fabrication process set up by Zhu et al. a) Hypothesis orientation of circumferentially aligned PCL microfibers which could guide VSMCs regeneration. b) The two‐step fabrication process that has been used to manufacture the inner layer with circumferentially oriented PCL fibers by wet‐spinning and the outer layer randomly with oriented nanofibers by electrospinning. Reproduced with permission.[ 35 ] Copyright 2015, Elsevier. Schematic illustration of the fabrication process set up by Li et al. c) The custom‐made electrospinning technique to develop a PCL‐based two‐layer‐tubular scaffold in which the directions of the fibers of these two layers were orthogonal. d) Heparinization of PCL to improve its hydrophilicity. e) ECs and VSMCs co‐culture: ECs were seeded on the inner layer in which nanofibers are oriented along a axial direction whereas VSMCs were seeded on the outer layer in which nanofibers are oriented with a circumferential direction. Adapted under the terms of the Creative Commons License.[ 36 ] Copyright 2021, the Authors. Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.