Table 1.

Rates of K-to-R Pathway Initiation by Specialty Group

Specialty Group	Active Physicians	K Grants (K08, K23)	K-to-R Initiation Rate, %	P
Plastic surgery	7224	17	0.2	1
Ophthalmology	18,938	164	0.9	<0.01
Dermatology	12,756	79	0.6	<0.01
Neurosurgery	5744	73	1.3	<0.01

Rates of K-to-R pathway initiation for each specialty group were calculated using the number of identified K grants (K08, K23) per active physician in each specialty.²⁰