Table 2.

Rates of Successful K-to-R Conversion by Specialty Group

Specialty Group	K Grants (K08, K23)	Subsequent R01 (or Equivalent) Grants	K-to-R Conversion Rate, %	P
Plastic surgery	17	9	52.9	1
Ophthalmology	164	77	47.0	0.64
Dermatology	79	46	58.2	0.69
Neurosurgery	73	31	42.5	0.43

Rates of successful K-to-R conversion for each specialty group were calculated as the proportion of subsequent R01 (or equivalent) grants per K grant (K08, K23).