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. 2024 Oct 11;3:141. doi: 10.1038/s44172-024-00286-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Measured airflow rates for the 24 outlet channels of the odor delivery device. Mean and standard deviation calculated from a set of n = 50 repeat measurements. b Transient response of the photoionization detector (PID) to an odor exposure generated by the odor delivery device with a 3 s activation time (activation time indicated by the dotted lines). c Temporal stability of the odor intensity generated by the odor delivery device over a 1 h time window with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 s activation times. d Temporal stability of the odor intensity generated by the odor delivery device over a 600 s (10 min) time window with continuous activation. e Channel-to-channel variation in odor intensity generated by the odor delivery device for 3 s activation times. f Spatial distribution of odor intensity, measured over a distance of 40 mm from the outlet of the odor delivery device, in the direction of odor flow. g Spatial distribution of odor intensity measured across the path of odor flow, at a distance of 100 mm from the outlet of the odor delivery device. h Thermal response, showing the variation in measured odor intensity from the odor delivery device with ambient temperature. The mean and standard deviation for all PID measurement data points were calculated from a set of n = 10 repeat measurements.