Figure 4.

Schematic diagram showing the immunomodulatory effect of NOPEE and NAR in CFA-induced arthritis. Activation, →; inhibition, ┬; CFA, Complete Freund’s Adjuvant; NOPEE, navel orange peel ethanolic extract; NAR, naringin; PC, plasma cell; ROS, reactive oxygen species; LPO, lipid peroxidation; RNS, reactive nitrogen species; RF, rheumatoid factor; ACCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide; CD, Cluster Differentiation; Th, T helper cell; NKC, natural killer cells; AM, activated macrophages; DC, dendritic cells; Fb, fibroblast; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL, interleukin; NO, nitric oxide; GSH, glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; SOD, superoxide dismutase.