Table 2.
Effects of in ovo delivery of carvacrol at embryonic day (E)17.5 in broiler eggs on hatchability, chicken quality, performance parameters and organ weights at E19.5, hatch, d 7, and d 14 posthatch.
| In ovo treatment |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Carvacrol | SEM | n | P-value | |
| E19.5 | |||||
| BW (g) | 44.53 | 44.56 | 0.89 | 10 | 0.97 |
| Residual yolk (% of BW) | 25.60 | 26.73 | 0.78 | 10 | 0.32 |
| Hatch | |||||
| Hatchability (%) | 98.9 | 95.8 | 1.65 | 96 | 0.21 |
| BW (g) | 46.04a | 45.65b | 0.12 | 96 | 0.02 |
| Hours until hatch (h) | 516 | 516 | 0.09 | 96 | 0.26 |
| Navel score1 | 1.30 | 1.40 | 0.07 | 96 | 0.22 |
| Quality score2 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.10 | 96 | 0.15 |
| Residual yolk (% of BW) | 14.95 | 14.94 | 0.60 | 10 | 0.99 |
| d 0–d 7 | |||||
| BW (g) | 197 | 198 | 2.98 | 10 | 0.84 |
| BWG (g) | 150 | 152 | 2.95 | 10 | 0.73 |
| FI (g) | 145 | 144 | 4.21 | 10 | 0.87 |
| FCR (g/g) | 0.97 | 0.94 | 0.02 | 10 | 0.32 |
| Bursa (% of BW) | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 10 | 0.87 |
| Spleen (% of BW) | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 10 | 0.73 |
| d 0–d 14 | |||||
| BW (g) | 540 | 546 | 7.57 | 10 | 0.58 |
| BWG (g) | 493 | 498 | 7.75 | 10 | 0.70 |
| FI (g) | 586 | 595 | 5.19 | 10 | 0.22 |
| FCR (g/g) | 1.18 | 1.17 | 0.01 | 10 | 0.09 |
| Bursa (% of BW) | 0.2 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 10 | 0.28 |
| Spleen (% of BW) | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.01 | 10 | 0.20 |
| d 7–d 14 | |||||
| BWG (g) | 343 | 347 | 5.97 | 10 | 0.67 |
| FI (g) | 441 | 457 | 5.84 | 10 | 0.07 |
| FCR (g/g) | 1.29 | 1.30 | 0.02 | 10 | 0.97 |
a,b
LSMeans within a row lacking a common superscript differ (P ≤ 0.05).
1
Navel score: 1 = closed and clean navel area), 2 = black button up to 2 mm or black string, 3 = black button that exceeds 2 mm or open navel area. As described by Molenaar et al (2010).
2
Quality score: 1 = good, 2 = deformed and to be euthanized, 3 = dead on arrival.
Residual yolk, bursa and spleen weights were expressed as percentage of body weight (BW). Results are expressed as LSmeans ± pooled SEM with n as number of replicates per treatment.