Table 1.

Comparison of the assessment results of the reports in core session 3 of the introductory problem-based learning between program participants and non-participants

Parameter	Participants 2023 (n = 99)	Non-participants 2023 (n = 99)	p-value
Total (maximum 100), mean ± SD	76.0 ± 9.8	66.1 ± 11.2	< 0.001
Content (maximum 30), mean ± SD	24.6 ± 2.8	21.8 ± 3.2	< 0.001
Organization (maximum 20), mean ± SD	15.0 ± 2.6	15.0 ± 2.8	< 0.001
Vocabulary (maximum 20), mean ± SD	15.0 ± 2.3	12.7 ± 2.3	< 0.001
Language use (maximum 25), mean ± SD)	17.4 ± 3.6	15.2 ± 3.7	< 0.001
Mechanics (maximum 5), mean ± SD	3.9 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.6	< 0.001
Citing
Methods of citing, n (%)			< 0.001
4	19 (19.2)	4 (4.0)
3	45 (45.4)	32 (32.3)
2	33 (33.3)	59 (59.6)
1	2 (2.0)	4 (4.0)
Number of reliable references, n (%)			< 0.001
4	75 (75.8)	51 (51.5)
3	18 (18.2)	23 (23.2)
2	4 (4.0)	21 (21.2)
1	2 (2.0)	4 (4.0)

SD, standard deviation