. 2024 Jul 12;22(6):797–804. doi: 10.1007/s40258-024-00900-5

Table 1.

Comparisons between the countries reviewed

Country	CET for health outcome	CET USD-PPP	Threshold as a ratio of GDPpc	Was the cost-effectiveness threshold estimated with real-world evidence?	Use of CET for public health policy decision making	References
Australia	AUD 28,033 per QALY	22,979.2	0.35	Yes	No	Edney [21]
Colombia	COP 17,000,000 per QALY	14,766.0	0.71	Yes	Yes, but by the Colombian Agency for Health Technology Assessment (IETS). This is not binding on the decisions of the Ministry of Health and Social Protection	Espinosa et al. [22]
Colombia	COP 14,700,000 per YLL	12,768.3	0.61	Yes		Espinosa et al. [22]
England	GBP 20,000–30,000 per QALY	42,920.9	0.75	No	Yes, the government explicitly uses a threshold, especially for pricing and eligibility for public funding	Appleby et al. [23], National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [24]
England	GBP 20,000–30,000 per QALY	64,381.3	1.12	No
Malaysia	MYR 12,810–22,840 per QALY	8677.7	0.26	Yes	No	Lim et al. [25]
Malaysia	MYR 12,810–22,840 per QALY	15,472.2	0.46	Yes	No	Lim et al. [25]
The Netherlands	EUR 73,600 per QALY	115,984.9	1.55	Yes	No	Stadhouders et al. [26]
Spain	EUR 21,000–24,000 per QALY	40,679.7	0.84	Yes	It is not officially used, but the network of HTA agencies of the Spanish Ministry of Health refers to the threshold in its reports.	Vallejo-Torres et al. [13]
Spain	EUR 21,000–24,000 per QALY	46,491.1	0.96	Yes		Vallejo-Torres et al. [13]
South Africa	ZAR 38,500 (USD 3015) per DALY	3881.0	3.99	Yes	No	Edoka and Stacey [27]
Thailand	BAHT 59,000–285,000 per QALY	5554.6	0.27	Yes	Yes, the government explicitly uses a threshold, especially for pricing and eligibility for public funding.	Thavorncharoensap et al. [28], Teerawattananon et al. [29]
Thailand	BAHT 59,000–285,000 per QALY	26,831.5	1.30	Yes		Thavorncharoensap et al. [28], Teerawattananon et al. [29]
USA	USD 104,000 per QALY	104,000.0	1.36	Yes	No	Vanness et al. [30]

Authors’ elaboration based on the literature reviewed. Estimates were translated into PPP by bringing the estimate to 2022 prices in each country currency, and then converting into PPP using OECD data figures for that year. GDPpc, according to the World Bank Statistics of 2022, converted to PPP, was used to compute the ratio of GDPpc

CET cost-effectiveness threshold, GDPpc gross domestic product per capita, PPP purchasing power parity, QALY quality-adjusted life-year, USD US Dollars, YLL years of life lost