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Standardized excess mortality per million people in Denmark (
), Finland (
), Norway (
), and Sweden (
) in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Notes: The figure shows 95% prediction intervals. The reference population is Denmark in 2020. Excess mortality was calculated based on linear ten-year trends. In the panel with respiratory deaths, the numbers indicated by orange markers include deaths due to COVID-19, whereas those indicated by black markers do not
