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. 2024 Oct 12;14:23889. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-73478-6

Table 3.

Data from the fixed target simulation experiment.

Controller Overshoot Rise time (sec) Steady-state error (deg/sec)
PID 0.149% 0.021 0.018
Fuzzy-PID 0.145% 0.015 0.015
SMC 0.147% 0.035 0.017
FOSTSMC-DOB 0 0.1 -0.003
FOSTSMC-ESO 0 0.026 -0.001