. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Oct 13.

Published in final edited form as: Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2024 Apr 13;57(1):138–151. doi: 10.1007/s10578-024-01702-5

Table 4.

Moderating effect of postpartum depressive symptoms (PPD) in the association of spousal relationship quality and social support with maternal responsiveness at six-weeks postpartum

Interaction terms	Coefficient (95% CI)^†	p-value^§
Spousal relationship quality ^‡
Overall × PPD	−1.68 (−3.75, 0.38)	0.110
Emotional support × PPD	−1.88 (−3.70, −0.07)	0.042
Conflict × PPD^‡	1.85 (0.18, 3.52)	0.030
Instrumental support × PPD	0.94 (−0.61, 2.48)	0.234
Social support
Overall × PPD	−2.01 (−3.66, −0.36)	0.017
Support from family × PPD	−2.01 (−3.89, −0.14)	0.035
Support from friends × PPD	−1.19 (−2.41, 0.04)	0.058

^†

Adjusted for treatment group, monthly household income, preterm birth, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) at postpartum.

^‡

High scores in conflict/demand subscale indicates high levels of conflict or demand. In the overall score, conflict/demand subscale was reversely scored. High scores in overall relationship quality indicate high levels of relationship quality with spouse.

^§

p-values were obtained from the Wald test for moderating effects