Table 1. Baseline characteristics and biochemical parameters of patients.
The data has been represented as the number of participants and the corresponding percentage (N (%)) and mean±SD with p-value (p<0.05 considered significant).
HDL, high-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; TRIG, triglycerides
| Descriptive | Normal fundus, N=80 (31.9%) | Mild NPDR, N=59 (23.5%) | Moderate NPDR, N=91 (36.3%) | Severe NPDR, N=21 (8.4%) | P-value |
| Age (yrs) (mean±SD) | 49.2±9.36 | 50.98±8.28 | 52.10±7.58 | 52.01±8.04 | 0.289 |
| Male/female, N (%) | 33 (41.2)/47 (58.2) | 29 (49.1)/30 (50.9) | 55 (60.4)/36 (39.6) | 13 (62)/8 (38) | 0.021 |
| Duration of diabetes, N (%) | |||||
| ≤5 yrs | 44 (56.4) | 14 (17.9) | 13 (16.6) | 7 (8.9) | 0.001 |
| 6-10 yrs | 20 (25) | 26 (32.5) | 30 (37.5) | 4 (5) | |
| >10 yrs | 16 (19) | 19 (22.6) | 48 (57.1) | 10 (11.9) | |
| Treatment, N (%) | |||||
| Oral | 55 (34.3) | 40 (25) | 51 (31.8) | 14 (8.7) | 0.003 |
| Insulin | 3 (11.1) | 6 (22.2) | 16 (59.2) | 2 (7.4) | |
| Diet | 10 (52.6) | 5 (26.3) | 3 (15.7) | 1 (5.2) | |
| Combination | 12 (26.6) | 8 (17.7) | 21 (46.6) | 4 (8.8) | |
| Biochemical history (Mean±SD) | |||||
| RBS | 216.67±79.2 | 283.80±104.40 | 308.13±109.76 | 279.21±88.02 | 0.027 |
| HbA1c | 10.05±4.98 | 9.64±2.61 | 9.93±2.22 | 10.61±1.97 | 0.311 |
| Serum creatinine | 0.93±0.18 | 0.98±0.94 | 0.94±0.28 | 0.96±0.18 | 0.452 |
| HDL | 35.67±6.72 | 36.45±8.94 | 34.68±8.70 | 39.36±6.40 | 0.189 |
| LDL | 129.04±27.35 | 111.41±29.31 | 128.85±41.73 | 112.90±32.27 | 0.037 |
| TRIG | 182.85±96.8 | 196.35±97.16 | 197.21±121.67 | 156.81±65.45 | 0.041 |