Table 3. VELO and PSC mean scores and Spearman's rank correlation in patients ages three to five years old (A) and six to eight years old (B).
The survey score data are represented as mean VELO/PSC score and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs) between the VELO total and sub-scores versus PSC total score. The data are further stratified by age group and cleft type. Arrows indicate whether the mean survey score for a specific cleft type was above or below the overall mean score.
s: survey pairs; x̄: mean; rs: Spearman's rank correlation coefficient
CL: cleft lip, CP: cleft palate, CLP: cleft lip and palate, SL: Speech Limitations, SD: Situational Difficulty, EI: Emotional Impact,
Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05) between means is denoted as superscripts.
CL: significant difference when compared to patients with cleft lip, CP: significant difference when compared to patients with cleft palate, CLP: significant difference when compared to patients with cleft lip and palate
| A. | VELO (x̄) | PSC (x̄) | rs | p (rs) | ||
| Total VELO (0-104) | ||||||
| All (s=88) | 17.9 | –– | 7.9 | –– | 0.529 | <0.001 |
| CL (s=15) | 8.9CLP | ↓ | 6.6CLP | ↓ | 0.814CP, CLP | <0.001 |
| CP (s=40) | 16.3CLP | ↓ | 5.9CLP | ↓ | 0.513CL | <0.001 |
| CLP (s=33) | 23.9 CL, CP | ↑ | 10.7CL, CP | ↑ | 0.404CL | 0.020 |
| SL (0-28) | ||||||
| All | 6.9 | –– | 7.9 | –– | 0.537 | <0.001 |
| CL | 3.9 CLP | ↓ | 6.6 CLP | ↓ | 0.762 | <0.001 |
| CP | 6.2CLP | ↓ | 5.9 CLP | ↓ | 0.457 | 0.003 |
| CLP | 9.0CL, CP | ↑ | 10.7 CL, CP | ↑ | 0.462 | 0.007 |
| SD (0-20) | ||||||
| All | 5.4 CLP | –– | 7.9 | –– | 0.471 | <0.001 |
| CL | 2.3 | ↓ | 6.6 CLP | ↓ | 0.830 CP, CLP | <0.001 |
| CP | 4.9CLP | ↓ | 5.9 CLP | ↓ | 0.434 CL | 0.005 |
| CLP | 7.6 CL, CP | ↑ | 10.7 CL, CP | ↑ | 0.335 CL | 0.056 |
| EI (0-16) | ||||||
| All | 1.8 | –– | 7.9 | –– | 0.524 | <0.001 |
| CL | 1.1 | ↓ | 6.6 CLP | ↓ | 0.628 | 0.012 |
| CP | 1.7 | ↓ | 5.9 CLP | ↓ | 0.554 | <0.001 |
| CLP | 2.2 | ↑ | 10.7 CL, CP | ↑ | 0.407 | 0.019 |
| B. | VELO (x̄) | PSC (x̄) | rs | p (rs) | ||
| Total VELO (0-104) | ||||||
| All (s=60) | 16.6 | –– | 12.0 | –– | 0.295 | 0.022 |
| CP (s=30) | 14.1 | ↓ | 11.5 | ↓ | -0.088 CLP | 0.644 |
| CLP (s=27) | 19.0 | ↑ | 13.1 | ↑ | 0.629CP | <0.001 |
| SL (0-28) | ||||||
| All | 6.8 | –– | 12.0 | –– | 0.330 | 0.01 |
| CP | 6.3 | ↓ | 11.5 | ↓ | 0.042 CLP | 0.825 |
| CLP | 7.3 | ↑ | 13.1 | ↑ | 0.583 CP | 0.001 |
| SD (0-20) | ||||||
| All | 4.8 | –– | 12.0 | –– | 0.263 | 0.042 |
| CP | 4.4 | ↓ | 11.5 | ↓ | -0.065 CLP | 0.733 |
| CLP | 5.4 | ↑ | 13.1 | ↑ | 0.547 CP | 0.003 |
| EI (0-16) | ||||||
| All | 1.9 | –– | 12.0 | –– | 0.282 | 0.029 |
| CP | 1.1 | ↓ | 11.5 | ↓ | 0.040 CLP | 0.833 |
| CLP | 2.5 | ↑ | 13.1 | ↑ | 0.498 CP | 0.008 |