Fig. 4.

Minocycline for the treatment of age-related phenotypes in Rp58 hetero-KO mice. A Experimental schedule of drug intervention. B The effect of minocycline on ssDNA accumulation (a marker of DNA damage) in neurons in the dentate gyrus of Rp58 hetero-KO mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; n = 4 for both genotypes with normal water, and n = 3 for both genotypes with minocycline. scale bar = 20 µm. C The effect of minocycline on gamma-H2AX protein accumulation in neurons in the dentate gyrus of Rp58 hetero-KO mice. *p < 0.05; n = 3 per group. scale bar = 20 µm. D The effect of minocycline on microglial activation in the dentate gyrus of Rp58 hetero-KO mice. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; n = 4 for both genotypes with normal water, and n = 3 for both genotypes with minocycline. scale bar in left = 20 µm, scale bar in right = 10 µm. E The effect of minocycline on the impairment of spatial memory in Rp58 hetero-KO mice. *p < 0.05; n = 8 for 4–5-month-old wild-type mice with minocycline, and n = 13 for 4–5-month-old Rp58 hetero-KO mice with minocycline. In this figure, the data from Figs. 1 and 2 has been reposted to show the control conditions (normal water)