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. 2024 Sep 27;10(19):e38588. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38588

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Overview of representative CRISPR/Cas gene editing system. Cas9 and Cas12a are used to cut dsDNA; Cas9 produces a blunt end whereas Cas12a produces a staggered end. Cas13a recognize and cleave ssRNA. Cascade and Cas3 mainly produce large deletions of dsDNA in the presence of recognizable dsDNA substrates. Cas: CRISPR-associated proteins; dsDNA: double-stranded DNA; sgRNA: single guide RNA; ssRNA: single-stranded RNA; crRNA: CRISPR RNA; HEPN: higher eukaryotic and prokaryotic nucleotide-binding; HD: histidine-aspartate.