Table 1.
The general demographic characteristics and kidney function of the participants.
| Characteristics | All participants | eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | CKD case (eGFR < 60mL/min/1.73 m2) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean ± SD | p-value a | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | p-value b | |
| All participants | 18431 (100.0) | 99.54 ± 17.55 | — | 283 (1.5) | 18148 (98.5) | — |
| Sex | 0.279 | 0.293 | ||||
| Male | 9981 (54.2) | 99.66 ± 17.90 | 162 (1.6) | 9819 (98.4) | ||
| Female | 8450 (45.8) | 99.38 ± 17.13 | 121 (1.4) | 8329 (98.6) | ||
| Age category | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| 20 - 45 years old | 11227 (60.9) | 106.23 ± 15.81 | 35 (0.3) | 11192 (99.7) | ||
| 46 - 65 years old | 7204 (39.1) | 89.11 ± 14.83 | 248 (3.4) | 6956 (96.6) | ||
| Race/ethnicity | < 0.001* | 0.569 | ||||
| White or other | 14707 (79.8) | 98.18 ± 15.96 | 222 (1.5) | 14485 (98.5) | ||
| Black | 3724 (20.2) | 104.90 ± 21.95 | 61 (1.6) | 3663 (98.4) | ||
| Body mass index (BMI) | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| < 25 kg/m2 | 5802 (31.7) | 101.56 ± 17.03 | 58 (1.0) | 5744 (99.0) | ||
| 25 to 30 kg/m2 | 6638 (36.2) | 98.00 ± 17.12 | 104 (1.6) | 6534 (98.4) | ||
| ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 5882 (32.1) | 99.22 ± 18.33 | 119 (2.0) | 5763 (98.0) | ||
| Smoke | < 0.001* | 0.001* | ||||
| Yes | 3696 (20.1) | 102.47 ± 16.65 | 35 (0.9) | 3661 (99.1) | ||
| No | 14735 (79.9) | 98.80 ± 17.69 | 248 (1.7) | 14487 (98.3) | ||
| Alcohol | 0.189 | 0.136 | ||||
| Yes | 5361 (29.1) | 99.27 ± 17.07 | 71 (1.3) | 5290 (98.7) | ||
| No | 13070 (70.9) | 99.64 ± 17.74 | 212 (1.6) | 12858 (98.4) | ||
| Hypertension | < 0.001* | < 0.001* | ||||
| Yes | 5153 (28.0) | 93.82 ± 17.93 | 181 (3.5) | 4972 (96.5) | ||
| No | 13278 (72.0) | 101.76 ± 16.89 | 102 (0.8) | 13176 (99.2) | ||
| Physical activity | 0.065 | 0.001* | ||||
| < 150 min/wk | 11759 (63.8) | 99.36 ± 17.61 | 208 (1.8) | 11551 (98.2) | ||
| ≥ 150 min/wk | 6672 (36.2) | 99.85 ± 17.43 | 75 (1.1) | 6597 (98.9) | ||
| Weekly working hours category 1 | < 0.001* | 0.987 | ||||
| ≤ 40 h/wk | 11471 (62.2) | 99.93 ± 17.83 | 176 (1.5) | 11295 (98.5) | ||
| > 40 h/wk | 6960 (37.8) | 98.89 ± 17.06 | 107 (1.5) | 6853 (98.5) | ||
| Weekly working hours category 2 | < 0.001* | 0.792 | ||||
| ≤ 48 h/wk | 13930 (75.6) | 99.80 ± 17.68 | 212 (1.5) | 13718 (98.5) | ||
| > 48 h/wk | 4501 (24.4) | 98.71 ± 17.11 | 71 (1.6) | 4430 (98.4) | ||
| Weekly working hours category 3 | < 0.001* | 0.980 | ||||
| ≤ 30 h/wk | 3494 (19.0) | 100.43 ± 18.56 | 55 (1.6) | 3439 (98.4) | ||
| 31 - 40 h/wk | 7977 (43.3) | 99.71 ± 17.49 | 121 (1.5) | 7856 (98.5) | ||
| 41 - 48 h/wk | 2459 (13.3) | 99.23 ± 16.95 | 36 (1.5) | 2423 (98.5) | ||
| 49 – 54 h/wk | 1937 (10.0) | 98.12 ± 17.45 | 27 (1.5) | 1810 (98.5) | ||
| ≥ 55 h/wk | 2664 (14.5) | 99.54 ± 17.55 | 44 (1.7) | 2620 (98.3) | ||
* p-value < 0.05. aanalysis of variance. bChi square test.