Table 5.

Correlations between modulated gut microbiota and changed biochemical indexes by edible plant oils.

Oil	Health-promoting effect	Experimental model	Correlated gut microbiota	Correlated biochemical indexes	References
Camellia oil	Mild cognitive impairment protection	Aluminum chloride-induced rats	Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Bacteroides pectinophilus_group, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001	IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, BUN, GOT, SOD and IL-4	(36)
Camellia oil	Anti-Alzheimer’s disease	Aluminum chloride-induced rats	[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, Romboutsia, Clostridia_UCG-014, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group, Monoglobus, Lachnoclostridium, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Blautia, Lachnospiraceae_ND3007_group, f_Butyricicoccaceae_Unclassified, f_ Lachnospiraceae_Unclassified, Bacteroides, [Bacteroides]_pectinophilus_group, Roseburia, UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Muribaculaceae, Christensensenellaceae_R-7_group, f_Oscillospiraceae_Unclassified, f_Ruminococcaceae_Unclassified, Atopostipes, Jeotgalicoccis and Staphylococcus	Iba1, p-p65, APP, BACE1, AB1-42, MDA, IL-6, escape_time_trial_12, escape_time_work, IL-1β, TNF-α, LC3B, Atg5, GPx, IL-4, IL-10, brain_weight, SOD, Beclin1, CAT, time_spent_in target_quadrant and HDL	(8)
Camellia oil	Hypolipidemic effect	High-fat diet-induced mice	Alistipes and Aerococcus	mTOR and RpS6KB1	(39)
Camellia oil	Anti-fatigue	Rotarod test and Treadmill test in mice	Enterorhabdus, Parvibacter, Akkermansia, Dubosiella, Clostridia_UCG-014, Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, Ileibacterium, Allobaculum, Desulfovibrio, Oscillospiraceae, Lactobacillus, Muribaculaceae, Alloprevotella, UCG-010, Alistipes, Erysipelotrichaceae and Bacteroides	Rotarod time, running time, BUN, glycogen, ATP, GSH-Px, CAT, MDA, Keap1, Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, SOD, myostain, FNDC5, Myh7, Myh2, Tnni1, Myh1, Myh4, ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin	(16)
Camellia oil	Hepatoprotection	Alcohol-induced liver injury in mice	Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Escherichia_shigella, Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, Parvibacter, norank_f_Eggerthellaceae, Eubacterium_brachy_group, Harryflintia, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, NK4A214_group, Faecalibaculum, GCA-900066575, UCG-005, norank_f_norank_o_Rhodospirillales, A2, Alistipes, Erysipelatoclostridium, Blautia, Romboutsia, Parabacteroides, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group and norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_UCG-014	Liver TG, ALT, MDA, and GSH-Px	(42)
Olive oil	Attenuate metabolic syndrome	Normal mice	Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium, Fusicatenibacter, Parasutterella, Olivibacter, Marispirillum, Spiroplasma, Marinilabilia, Desulfotomaculum and Helicobacter	Food intake, water intake, diuresis, body weight, systolic blood pressure, leptin, Insulin, triglycerides, T-CHO, and HDL/LDL	(45)
Olive oil	Attenuate metabolic syndrome	Normal mice	Prevotella, Marvinbryantia, Desulfovibrio, Anaerophaga, Fusicatenibacter, Parasutterella, Eubacterium, Erysipelotrichaceae, Olivibacter, Marispirillum and Enterobacter	Water intake, HDL/LDL, T-CHO, blood pressure, leptin, insulin, ghrelin, and diuresis	(44)
Olive oil	Anti-hypertension	Spontaneously hypertensive rats	Clostridia XIVa	Systolic blood pressure	(46)
Olive oil	Anti-diabetes	NOD/LtJ mice	Verrucomicrobia, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Intestinimonas, Lachnospira, Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group, Muribaculaceae, Alistipes, Lachnoclostridium, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 and Gastranaerophilales	Islet number, C-Peptide, Random blood glucose, Th1/Th2, serum_TNF-α, insulitis, AUC area of OGTT, colon_IL-6, and colon_TNF-α	(48)
Flaxseed oil	Ameliorating polycystic ovary syndrome	Letrozole-induced rats	Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Butyrivibrio, Desulfovibrio, Ruminiclostridium and Bifidobacterium	LPS, FSH, FSH/LH, E2, PROG, T, SHBG, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF-α, and MCP-1	(61)
Flaxseed oil	Anti-hepatocellular carcinoma	Orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma mice	Escherichia-shigella, Enterorhabdus, norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia UCG-014, Turicibacter, norank_f_norank_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group, Ruminococcus, Monoglobus, Eubacterium_brachy_group, unclassified_c_Bacteroidia and Lactococcus	CD4_Tcells, CD8_Tcells, CD8_PD1_Tcells, Treges, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1, ZO-1, and Claudin-4	(18)
Flaxseed oil	Immunoregulation	Normal mice	Bacteroidetes	Triglyceride	(50)
Flaxseed oil	Anti-diabetes	Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced rats	Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Blautia and Alistipes	LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17A	(55)
Flaxseed oil	Anti-atherosclerosis	High-fat diet-induced ApoE−/− mice	Intestinimonas, Alistipes, Muribaculum, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Oscillibacter, Blautia, Parasutterella, Lachnoclostridium, Bilophila, Enterorhabdus, Anaerotruncus and Negativibacillus	LPS, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and MCP-1	(58)
Flaxseed oil	Regulation of lipid metabolism	Albas cashmere goats	[Ruminococcus]_gauvreauii_group, Streptococcus, Turicibacter, Acetitomaculum, Bifidobacterium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Mycoplasma, Olsenella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcus_2, Ureaplasma, Lactobacillus, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Intestinibacter, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, unclassified_f__Bifidobacteriaceae, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group and Aeriscardovia	Final body weight, total body weight gain, omental fat, kidney fat, mesenteric fat, glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid, non-esterified fatty acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase, hormone-sensitive lipase, lipoprotein lipase, and malic dehydrogenase	(52)
Flaxseed oil	Anti-aging	D-galactose-induced rats	uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, uncultured_bacterium_f_Desulfovibrionaceae, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, [Eubacterium]_oxidoreducens_group and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group	GSH-Px, T-AOC, CAT, Prkcq, Lat, Ptprc, Lcp2, Lck, zap70, Pik3cd, and Nfatc2	(60)
Soybean oil	Increase insulin sensitivity and prevent fatty liver	Normal mice	Ruminococcus bromii, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Clostridium cocleatum, Bacteroides acidifaciens, Lactobacillus reuteri and Akkermansia muciniphila	AUC, p-IRS, p-AKT, and LPS	(68)
Soybean oil	Attenuate metabolic syndrome	High-fat diet-induced mice	Anaerotruncus, Lactobacillus_plantarum, Syntrophomonas, Akkermansia_muciniphila, Clostridium_saccharogumia, Staphylococcus_aureus, YS2, RF32, Allobaculum, Anaerofustis, F16, Enterococcaceae, Actinomycetaceae and Agrobacterium	Crypt_depth, triglycerides, body weight, total and daily weight gain, mucosal lesion, leucocyte infiltration, Lep, ovarian fat, and cholesterol	(67)
Soybean oil	Anti-atherosclerosis	Normal mice	unclassified Bacteroidales, Prevotella, unclassified S24.7, Mucispirillum, Dehalobacterium, Ruminococcus, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Peptococcaceae, Coprobacillus, Sutterella, Bilophila, Desulfovibrio and Anaeroplasma	Triglycerides, cholesterol, linoleic acid, lipid peroxides, and ROS	(66)
Walnut oil	Anti-Alzheimer’s disease	Scopolamine-induced mice	Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia	Slc6a4, Gng13, Kcnj12, Pik3r3, Kcnk3, Tph2, Kcnj4, Kcnq5, Plcb1, Cacnb1, Rgs2, Mylk3, Adcy5, Pde8b, Gng7, Chrm4, Htr2a, Kcnk2, Oxt, Gng10, Cacna1h, Kcna4, Htr6, Htr4, Agtr1a, Kcnq3, Chrm3, Cacng3, Camk2a, Cacnb3, Cacng8, Alox12b, Htr3a and Ptgs2	(64)
Peony seed oil	Alleviate hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia	High-fat diet-induced mice	Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Helicobacter, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Coprococcus and Paraprevotella	Glu, TC, TG, HDL, and LDL-C	(81)
Peony seed oil	Hypocholesterolemic effect	High-cholesterol diet-induced hamsters	Anaeroplasma, Peptococcus, Butyricimonas, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, norank_f_Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, norank_f_Eubacteriaceae, norank_f_Lachnospiraceae, norank_f_Peptococcaceae, norank_o_Gastranaerophilales, norank_o_Mollicutes_RF9, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminiclostridium_1, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, unclassified_f_Coriobacteriaceae, unclassified_f_Christensenellaceae, unclassifed_f_Erysipelotrichaceae and unclassified_o_Bacteroidales	TC, TG, LPS, protein_LXRa, SREBP2, HMG-CoA-R	(80)
Sea buckthorn seed oil	Hypocholesterolemic effect	High-cholesterol diet-induced hamsters	Acietatifactor, Anaerovorax, Lactobacillus, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae, Parasutterella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, norank_f_Rumincoccaceae, norank_f_Bacteroidales_S24-7_group and unclassified_k_norank	TC, MTP, ACAT2, and ABCG8	(69)
Tomato seed oil	Anti-hyperlipidemia	High-fat diet-induced mice	norank_f_Peptococcaceae, norank_f_Erysipelotrichaceae, norank_f_Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, [Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group, Rikenella, Lactobacillus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Odoribacter, Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum	body weight, fat (perirenal + epididymal), TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C	(94)
Almond oil	Anti-diabetes	Streptozotocin-induced rats	Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Fusicatenibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Bacteroides	FBG, insulin, body weight, SOD, CAT, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1	(95)
Wild melon seed oil	Hypocholesterolemic effect	High-cholesterol diet-induced hamsters	Bilophila, Blautia, Escherichia-shigella, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, Lactococcus, Ruminiclostridium, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, norank_f_Eubacteriaceae, norank_f_Lachnospiraceae, norank_f_Ruminococcaceae, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and unclassified_p_Firmicutes	TC	(93)
Torreya grandis oil	Anti-obese	High-fat diet-induced mice	Acetivibrio, Lactococcus, Eubacterium, Peptococcus, Clostridium, Sporobacter, Provencibacterium, Roseburia, Bacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Akkermansia, Erysipelatoclostridium, Anaeroplasma, Lactobacillus, Faecalibaculum, Bifidobacterium, Allobaculum, Saccharofermentans, Paraeggerthella, Alistipes, Rikenella, Parabacteroides and Barnesiella	TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C	(88)
Torreya grandis oil	Anti-Alzheimer’s disease	Scopolamine-induced mice	Anaeroplasma, Streptococcus, Allobaculum, Olsenella and Parasutterella	Escape latency, percentage of spontaneity, DI, and SOD	(89)
Hawthorn seed oil	Hypocholesterolemic effect	High-cholesterol diet-induced hamsters	Anaeroplasma, unclassified_f_Christensenellaceae, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Peptococcus, norank_f_Peptococcaceae, Butyricimonas and norank_o_Gastranaerophilales	TC and LPS	(96)
Safflower oil	Anti-obese	Obese people	Adlercreutzia, Parabacteroides, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Anaerococcus, Blautia, Coprococcus, Hespellia, Parasporobacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Oscillibacter, Sporobacter, Ruminococcaceae, Firmicutes and Coprobacillus	TC, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C	(20)