Table 2.

Changes in volatile components of vanilla beans from Taiwan stored at −20 °C and 4 °C.

Compounds	RI b	RI c	peak areasa, b, e, f
				-20°C d				4°C
			0 M d	6 M	12 M	18 M	24 M	6 M	12 M	18 M	24 M
alcohols
1-hexanolg	852	859	- f	-	24.99 ± 1.18	23.15 ± 1.61	-	-	-	32.44 ± 3.64	-
benzyl alcoholg	1008	996	41.63 ± 9.65	40.91 ± 0.23	119.98 ± 4.81	100.83 ± 6.87	105.57 ± 14.68	48.36 ± 21.51	182.37 ± 18.28	154.12 ± 17.69	155.89 ± 9.24
2-ethylhexanoli	1012	1007			37.49 ± 2.05		-				45.96 ± 6.52
1-octanolg	1056	1044	-	32.81 ± 1.71	27.77 ± 2.79	26.88 ± 3.34	27.27 ± 3.40	-	33.85 ± 4.66	-	-
phenethyl alcoholg	1080	1077	100.58 ± 10.64	124.26 ± 3.94	114.84 ± 6.39	93.40 ± 2.64	101.31 ± 7.52	141.31 ± 21.06	148.40 ± 4.28	131.80 ± 7.29	142.44 ± 3.94
anisyl alcoholg	1253	1243	81.56 ± 4.65	131.99 ± 13.74	103.36 ± 3.22	91.78 ± 9.92	81.11 ± 1.59	142.40 ± 27.03	108.29 ± 14.60	70.74 ± 47.65	117.16 ± 1.51
cinnamyl alcoholg	1278	1271	-	-	-	10.99 ± 7.27	10.42 ± 4.19	-	-	13.62 ± 6.37	14.44 ± 1.3
aldehydes
benzaldehydeg	932	931	39.06 ± 10.63	39.66 ± 1.04	37.04 ± 2.36	33.06 ± 1.50	36.90 ± 0.98	45.75 ± 22.59	46.68 ± 14.15	199.48 ± 35.84	36.06 ± 5.45
phenylacetaldehydeg	1012	1004	-	-	-	39.39 ± 4.15	42.74 ± 5.43	-	-	-	-
nonanalg	1084	1074	51.07 ± 7.26	52.76 ± 15.95	36.21 ± 6.57	59.12 ± 3.51	28.52 ± 0.73	91.40 ± 39.04	84.72 ± 8.96	144.15 ± 49.55	23.43 ± 1.63
safranalg	1183	1172	19.31 ± 4.15	21.37 ± 1.51	20.46 ± 1.24	18.79 ± 2.51	20.52 ± 2.16	24.43 ± 5.17	24.53 ± 2.58	21.73 ± 1.33	24.73 ± 3.22
decanali	1186	1180	9.15 ± 1.67	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
β-cyclocitralh	1194	1205	16.36 ± 2.65	-	19.51 ± 1.72	16.26 ± 0.53	15.47 ± 4.72	-	22.07 ± 2.54	13.88 ± 0.86	13.82 ± 2.54
anisaldehydeg	1221	1210	32.6 ± 3.43	25.41 ± 1.82	23.83 ± 1.44	20.95 ± 0.30	24.28 ± 2.71	32.64 ± 0.89	26.69 ± 1.87	23.18 ± 0.70	26.68 ± 4.21
cinnamaldehydeg	1239	1231	11.11 ± 2.78	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
p-hydroxybenzaldehydeg	1315	1318	175.71 ± 8.28	581.67 ± 130.40	283.97 ± 19.49	359.11 ± 34.78	283.24 ± 23.62	436.01 ± 138.94	273.38 ± 35.37	323.72 ± 27.71	367.45 ± 29.82
vanilling	1368	1361	18927.06 ± 1503.70	47807.07 ± 2175.99	41137.19 ± 1583.66	34112.35 ± 2770.10	30677.20 ± 2434.51	34711.22 ± 5454.09	26591.77 ± 5240.30	24368.45 ± 3156.22	25490.96 ± 1139.68
methylvanillini	1427	1426	14.46 ± 2.33	43.72 ± 4.51	-	-	-	57.09 ± 2.54	-	-	-
acids
2-ethylhexanoic acidg	1096	1094	319.05 ± 44.5	590.70 ± 21.93	494.74 ± 32.03	-	-	597.55 ± 39.97	473.79 ± 21.52	-	-
esters
benzyl acetateg	1135	1125	7.72 ± 0.63	9.05 ± 0.74	6.44 ± 1.83	-	11.47 ± 1.23	10.63 ± 1.81	11.22 ± 2.76	-	8.85 ± 2.62
methyl salicylateg	1176	1166	40.08 ± 7.84	44.11 ± 1.83	44.1 ± 2.63	40.89 ± 4.58	39.75 ± 1.31	54.80 ± 14.70	60.05 ± 5.76	50.64 ± 4.16	50.90 ± 4.07
furans
furfuralh	799	796	23.8 ± 12.18	39.92 ± 4.07	40.43 ± 2.10	29.96 ± 0.35	33.58 ± 1.64	48.57 ± 15.63	51.91 ± 10.86	46.04 ± 9.66	52.08 ± 4.41
2-pentylfurang	980	974	36.09 ± 8.65	76.75 ± 9.81	34.18 ± 2.99	34.76 ± 2.40	-	44.40 ± 20.02	-	-	-
hydrocarbons
3,4-dimethoxytoluenei	1199	1199	7 ± 1.11	7.34 ± 1.65	-	6.66 ± 0.50	-	9.96 ± 1.83	5.77 ± 1.09	-	-
ketones
acetophenoneg	1039	1027	11.02 ± 3.55	10.63 ± 0.40	9.70 ± 1.74	9.36 ± 1.07	6.98 ± 1.08	-	13.81 ± 3.59	-	12.62 ± 2.55
3,5-octadien-2-oneg	1044	1046	13.36 ± 3.10	-	14.38 ± 2.34	13.31 ± 1.67	-	-	-	-	-
isophoronei	1086	1085	19.68 ± 3.50	-	16.57 ± 1.20	15.62 ± 1.28	17.22 ± 0.91	21.81 ± 6.10	20.31 ± 3.30	19.77 ± 1.16	20.70 ± 2.23
β-iononei	1477	1476	8.33 ± 0.51	-	-	-	-	-	7.68 ± 2.02	-	12.46 ± 2.30
phenols
p-cresolh	1043	1041	65.68 ± 24.56	79.45 ± 10.70	51.71 ± 11.99	65.95 ± 11.84	48.58 ± 4.44	108.44 ± 11.44	117.08 ± 5.29	160.53 ± 14.04	195.81 ± 9.97
guaiacolh	1056	1053	831.40 ± 33.28	721.03 ± 25.42	541.12 ± 17.62	438.60 ± 50.71	466.81 ± 49.83	938.86 ± 226.63	724.52 ± 99.02	704.49 ± 88.5	698.75 ± 24.72
p-creosolg	1170	1160	125.08 ± 19.25	133.50 ± 9.39	116.86 ± 8.22	102.65 ± 13.54	111.92 ± 9.91	146.30 ± 27.40	149.95 ± 10.39	146.51 ± 11.96	158.24 ± 4.31
monoterpene
limoneneg	1026	1027	11.96 ± 4.46	-	-	6.73 ± 0.93	-	-	18.34 ± 16.38	-	-
sesquiterpenes
α-copaeneh	1373	1379	38.94 ± 6.99	7.47 ± 1.19	20.25 ± 3.26	-	48.99 ± 5.78	33.54 ± 13.52	44.28 ± 3.61	< 0.01	46.37 ± 3.43
α-santaleneg	1433	1426	10.97 ± 1.23	-	13.60 ± 1.75	-	-	-	-	-	-
γ-muurolenei	1477	1478	8.33 ± 0.53	17.54 ± 2.62	19.35 ± 2.40	8.18 ± 2.13	9.09 ± 1.11	20.03 ± 3.48	14.29 ± 0.31	< 0.01	16.17 ± 3.95
β-cadinenei	1521	1518	7.35 ± 0.43	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
δ-cadineneg	1526	1522	-	-	-	-	7.72 ± 0.81	-	-	-	7.72 ± 0.81

^aValue are mean ± SD of triplicates.

^bliterature retention indices obtain from g, h, and i.

^cretention indices, using n-paraffin (C₅-C₂₅) as references.

^dstorage temperature.

^estorage time (month).

^fundetectable.

^gZhang et al., 2012.

^hYeh et al., 2021.

ⁱNational Library of Medicine, 2024.