Table 2.
Clinical trials targeting CAFs in lung cancer
| Trial name | Identifier | Description | Status |
| A phase I/II study of RO6874281 (a FAP-targeted immunocytokine) in combination with atezolizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors | NCT03386721 | Investigates the safety and efficacy of RO6874281 combined with atezolizumab in advanced solid tumors, including lung cancer, by targeting FAP-expressing CAFs | Active, not recruiting |
| A study of crenolanib in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors | NCT01243346 | Assesses the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of crenolanib, a PDGFR inhibitor, in targeting PDGFR-β-expressing CAFs in advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including lung cancer | Active, not recruiting |
| Phase I study of simtuzumab in combination with nivolumab in advanced solid tumors | NCT02472977 | Examines the combination of simtuzumab, an anti-LOXL2 antibody, with nivolumab in advanced solid tumors, including lung cancer, to target CAFs | Completed |
| Phase I/II study of galunisertib in combination with nivolumab in recurrent NSCLC | NCT02423343 | Explores the combination of galunisertib, a TGF-β receptor inhibitor, with nivolumab in recurrent NSCLC, aiming to modulate CAF activity | Completed |
| A study of volociximab (M200) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in subjects with NSCLC | NCT00313701 | Investigates volociximab, an anti-α5β1 integrin antibody, combined with chemotherapy in NSCLC to target integrin-expressing CAFs | Completed |
| A study of vismodegib (GDC-0449) in combination with erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC | NCT01064622 | Examines the combination of vismodegib, a hedgehog pathway inhibitor, with erlotinib in advanced NSCLC to inhibit hedgehog pathway-activated CAFs | Completed |
| A study of FAP-IL2v and anti-PD-1 in patients with advanced solid tumors | NCT03875079 | Evaluates the combination of FAP-IL2v with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in advanced solid tumors, including lung cancer, to target CAFs and enhance the antitumor immune response | Recruiting |
CAFs: Cancer-associated fibroblasts; FAP: fibroblast activation protein; PDGFR: platelet-derived growth factor receptors; TGF-β: transforming growth factor beta; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; FAP-IL2v: a FAP-targeted interleukin-2 variant; PD-1: programmed cell death protein.