FIG. 2.

Mutation of the κB sites in the HIV LTR delays the first cycle of HIV transcription and decreases viral persistence in monocytic cells. (A) (Top left) HIV DNA amplification from uninfected (NI) and HIV-infected THP1 cells at 15 and 120 min after infection. The amplified 318-bp fragment is indicated. (Bottom left) Human β-actin amplification within the same samples. (Right) Serial dilution of known HIV-1 proviral copy numbers amplified from ACH2 cells. (B) (Top) PCR amplification of the HIV early transcripts (tat/rev, env) from uninfected (NI) and HIV-infected THP1 cells at 5 and 8 h after HIV infection. (Bottom) Human β-actin PCR amplification within the same samples. (C) HIV p24 values in the culture supernatants of THP1 cells infected with HIV-HXB-2D-wt and ΔκB at different days after viral infection. The p24 determinations were performed in duplicate. Error bars, standard errors.