Table 1 -.

Normal Circulating Levels of Hormones and Associated Pathologies

Hormone	Ranges			References
Aldosterone	~4–31 ng/dL (~110–860 pmol/L) – Adults, upright position ~3–16 ng/dL (~83–444 pmol/L) – Adults, supine position			(198, 213, 305)
Renin	0.6 – 4.3 ng/mL/hr – Age 18 –39 0.6 – 3.0 ng/mL/hr – Age 40+			(416, 592)
Cortisol	6–25 mcg/dL (A.M. reading) 2–14 mcg/dL (P.M. reading)			(66, 415)
Aldosterone Level	Renin Level	Cortisol Level	Pathology	References
High	Low	Normal	Conn’s syndrome/primary hyperaldosteronism	(131, 214)
High	High	Normal	Secondary hyperaldosteronism	(131, 214)
Low	High	Low	Addison’s disease/primary adrenal insufficiency	(131, 214)