TABLE 5.
Newcastle‐Ottawa assessment for methodological quality with good scores for selection and outcome domains but poor for comparability.
| Study | Selection | Comparability | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wagstaff et al., 2015 16 | **** | ** | |
| Wagstaff et al., 2015 27 | **** | ** | |
| Greenwood et al., 2016 3 | *** | ** | |
| Wagstaff et al., 2019 4 | **** | ** | |
| Solanki et al., 2020 11 | **** | ** | |
| Lo et al., 2021 2 | **** | *** | |
| Li et al., 2021 5 | **** | ** | |
| Wu et al., 2022 (April) 20 | **** | * | *** |
| Wu et al., 2022 (July) 28 | **** | * | *** |
| Kuang et al., 2022 19 | **** | ** | |
| Schlottman et al., 2022 7 | **** | ** | |
| Austin et al., 2023 18 | **** | *** | |
| Concannon et al., 2023 10 | **** | *** | |
| Cereceda‐Monteoliva et al., 2023 12 | **** | ** | |
| Chen et al., 2024 21 | *** | *** | |
| Devine et al., 2024 22 | *** | *** | |
| Fuest et al., 2024 46 | ** | ** | |
| Guerriero 2023 23 | ** | * | |
| Heard et al., 2023 26 | *** | ** | |
| Jou et al., 2024 45 | ** | *** | |
| Kidd et al., 2023 24 | ** | ** | |
| Lo et al., 2023 29 | ** | *** | |
| Meagher et al., 2024 6 | * | * | |
| Parker et al., 2023 43 | **** | *** | |
| Struble et al., 2024 25 | **** | *** | |
| Tapking 2024 44 | **** | *** |
Note: The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale awards stars for study quality across three domains: Selection, Comparability, and Outcome/Exposure. More stars indicate higher quality.