Table 4. ABLLS change in difference scores between the control (ABA) and experimental (ABA + HBOT) groups.
Cohen's d: Small effect size = 0.20; Medium effect size = 0.50; Large effect size = 0.80 or higher
ABLLS: Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills; ABA: Applied Behavior Analysis; HBOT: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
| Scale | Time | HBOT mean (SD), n = 24 | Non-HBOT mean (SD), n = 13 | Mean difference | 95% CI | SE | Effect size (Cohen's d) | 95% CI for (Cohen's d) | p-value |
| Receptive language | Pretest | 76.56 (37.26) | 88.71 (56.12) | ||||||
| Posttest | 134.78 (47.22) | 134.29 (63.15) | |||||||
| Difference | 58.22 (43.18) | 45.57 (33.23) | 12.65 | -17.00, 42.20 | 14.47 | -0.348 | -1.13, 0.441 | 0.3895 | |
| Requests | Pretest | 52.22 (24.67) | 36..00 (27.47) | ||||||
| Posttest | 96.22 (36.75) | 61.00 (34.39) | |||||||
| Difference | 44.00 (31.13) | 25.00 (21.38) | 19.22 | -1.05, 39.05 | 9.79 | -0.773 | -1.57, 0.039 | 0.0623 | |
| Labeling | Pretest | 52.89 (43.49) | 49.33 (48.82) | ||||||
| Posttest | 99.56 (55.07) | 86.48 (61.90) | |||||||
| Difference | 46.67 (43.83) | 37.14 (31.46) | 9.52 | -19.40, 38.44 | 14.12 | -0.269 | -1.05, 0.518 | 0.5055 | |
| Intraverbal | Pretest | 42.44 (35.21) | 33.48 (36.07) | ||||||
| Posttest | 93.00 (55.10) | 67.48 (55.04) | |||||||
| Difference | 50.56 (40.47) | 34.00 (36.71) | 15.56 | -14.31, 47.42 | 15.07 | 0.438 | -1.22, 0.355 | 0.2813 | |
| Spontaneous vocalizations | Pretest | 23.89 (12.13) | 20.71 (13.07) | ||||||
| Posttest | 30.11 (8.19) | 28.00 (10.19) | |||||||
| Difference | 6.22 (11.68) | 7.29 (8.21) | -1.06 | 8.68, 6.55 | 3.72 | -0.114 | -0.668, 0.894 | 0.7769 | |
| Syntax and grammar | Pretest | 18.44 (15.83) | 12.90 (21.39) | ||||||
| Posttest | 37.78 (28.87) | 24.67 (25.22) | |||||||
| Difference | 19.33 (16.39) | 11.76 (17.92) | 7.57 | -6.71, 21.85 | 6.97 | -0.433 | -1.22, 0.360 | 0.2867 | |
| Social interactions | Pretest | 41.22 (26.07) | 28.05 (20.33) | ||||||
| Posttest | 76.33 (40.86) | 50.33 (27.71) | |||||||
| Difference | 35.11 (25.97) | 21.00 (22.29) | 12.83 | -4.24, 29.89 | 8.33 | -0.613 | -1.41, 0.189 | 0.1349 | |
| Generalized responding | Pretest | 7.78 (7.10) | 9.76 (8.61) | ||||||
| Posttest | 16.56 (9.50) | 17.52 (7.90) | |||||||
| Difference | 8.78 (7.45) | 7.76 (6.04) | 1.02 | -4.27, 6.30 | 2.58 | -0.157 | -0.937, 0.626 | 0.6966 | |
| Total score of assessment of language and basic living skills | Pretest | 315.44 (154.65) | 278.95 (197.74) | ||||||
| Posttest | 584.33 (238.25) | 469.76 (256.28) | |||||||
| Difference | 268.89 (182.05) | 190.81 (135.26) | 78.08 | -44.43, 200.59 | 59.81 | -0.487 | -1.14, 0.369 | 0.2024 | |