Table 2.

Summary results for the primary outcomes.

Variable	Postbiotic group (n = 56)	Placebo group (n = 55)	Differences (95% CI) P value
NIHSS Baseline End	7.02 ± 0.66 4.60 ± 0.62	7.31 ± 0.7 4.74 ± 7.52	-0.28 (-2.5 to 1.9), 0.805$ -0.14 (-2.4 to 2.2), 0.906#
MD (95% CI), P*	-2.42 (-2.53, -2.31) p < 0.001	-2.54 (-3.03, -2.1) p < 0.001
APACHE II score Baseline End	11.88 ± 3.22 10.95 ± 3.24	12.25 ± 3.69 11.32 ± 3.68	-0.37 (-1.67 to 0.93), 0.574$ -0.38 (-1.66 to 0.94),0.576#
MD (95% CI), P*	-1.88 (-3.25, -0.48) 0.010	0.56 (-1.58, 2.56) 0.546
NUTRIC score Baseline End	5.63 ± 2.2 5.05 ± 2.02	5.69 ± 1.58 5.11 ± S 1.55	-0.06 (-1.18 to 1.04), 0.905$ -0.07 (-1.15 to 1.6), 0.609#
MD (95% CI), P*	-0.58 (-0.6, 0.52) p < 0.001	1.04 (-1.31, 3.59) 0.399
SOFA score Baseline End	5.38 ± 2.02 3.69 ± 1.06	5.44 ± 1.58 5.37 ± 1.84	-0.06 (-1.18 to 1.04), 0.906$ -1.68 (-2.3 to -1.03), 0.001#
MD (95% CI), P*	-1.69 (-2.4, -0.97) p < 0.001	-0.07 (-1.14, 0.95) 0.897

Abbreviations: APACHE II; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II. NUTRIC score; NUT rition Risk in the Critically ill., SOFA; Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.

Mean (SD) and Mean difference (95% CI) are presented for data.

^* P based on Paired samples t test.

^$ P based on independent samples t test.

^# P based on ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values, weight, and calorie intakes.