Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Setting | Comparator RIF dose (mg/kg) | Intervention RIF dose (mg/kg); other intervention | Participants, total (n = female) | Controls | Type of TB | TB diagnosis | Length of RIF intervention | HIV status (positive, n (%)) | Included in meta-analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aarnoutse et al. (2017)29 | Inpatients, outpatients; Tanzania | 10 | 15, 20 | 150 (15) | 50 | Pulmonary | ZN stain (confirmed with AccuProbe, LJ or MGIT) | 2/12 | 15 (10%), unclear if all tested | Yes |
| Atwine et al. (2020)30 | Unclear; Uganda | 10 | 20; different doses of efavirenz | 98 (27) | 33 | Pulmonary | GeneXpert MTB/RIF | 2/52 | 98 (100%), inclusion criterion | Yes |
| Boeree et al. (2017)13 | Inpatients, outpatients; Tanzania, South Africa | 10 | 35, 20 + SQ109, 20+moxifloxacin, 10 + SQ109 | 365 (107) | 123 | Pulmonary | ZN stain, GeneXpert MTB/RIF | 12/52 | 24 (6.6%), all tested | Yes; arms with comparable background regimens only |
| Cresswell et al. (2021)27 | Inpatients; Uganda | 10 | 35, 20 (IV) then 35 | 61 (27) | 21 | Meningeal | Clinical diagnosis; CSF glucose to plasma <50% or CSF glucose <65 mg/dl or positive CSF AFB smear or positive GeneXpert MTB/RIF or Ultra | 8/52 | 56 (91.8), all tested | Yes |
| Davis et al. (2023)26 | Inpatients; South Africa | 10 | 35+linezolid, 35+linezolid + aspirin | 52 (22) | 20 | Meningeal | Definite, probable or possible TBM | 56/7 | 52 (100%), | No; different background regimens between control and intervention arms |
| Dian et al. (2018)34 | Inpatients; Indonesia | 10 | 20, 30 | 60 (28) | 20 | Meningeal | Clinical diagnosis; CSF/blood glucose ratio <0.5 | 1/12 | 6 (10%), all tested | Yes |
| Heemskerk et al. (2016)15 | Inpatients; Vietnam | 10 | 15+levofloxacin | 817 (257) | 409 | Meningeal | Clinical diagnosis; 5/7 symptoms, nuchal rigidity, CSF abnormal | 2/12 | 349 (42.7%), all tested | No; different background regimen between control and intervention arms |
| Jindani et al. (2016)31 | ?outpatients; Bolivia, Nepal, Uganda | 10 | 15, 20 | 300 (95) | 100 | Pulmonary | 2x sputum ZN stain | 16/52 | 0 (0%), all tested | Yes |
| Jindani et al. (2023)17 | Outpatients; Uganda, Guinea, Peru, Nepal, Botswana, Pakistan | 10 | ∼23 (1200 mg), ∼35 (1800 mg) | 672 (154) | 224 | Pulmonary | GeneXpert MTB/RIF | 4/12 | 0 (0%), exclusion criterion | Yes |
| Kannabiran et al. (2024)37 | Unclear; India | 10 | 25, 35 | 333 (96) | 109 | Pulmonary | GeneXpert MTB/RIF, LJ, MGIT | 8/52 | 0 (0%), exclusion criterion | Yes |
| Long et al. (1979)38 | Inpatients, outpatients; USA | ∼8 (450 mg) | ∼11 (600 mg), ∼13 (750 mg) | 822 (176) | 167 | Pulmonary | AFB on sputum microscopy; CXR suggestive | 20/52 | Not documented | No; not comparable with any other study and provided data inconsistent |
| Maug et al. (2020)35 | Outpatients; Bangladesh | 10 | 20 | 701 (187) | 348 | Pulmonary | Smear positive | 6/12 | Not tested, known HIV excluded | Yes |
| Merle et al. (2016)32 | Unclear; Benin, Guinea, Senegal | 10 | 15; ART initiation at 2/52 or 8/52 | 778 (339) | 262 | Unclear; sputum samples taken, assume pulmonary | Bacteriologically confirmed TB | 2/12 | 778 (100%), inclusion criterion | Yes |
| Paton et al. (2023)16 | Outpatients; Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, India | 10 | 35 (reduced to 20 during trial) + linezolid, 35 (reduced to 20 during trial) + clofazimine; rifapentine + linezolid + levofloxacin; bedaquilline + linezolid | 675 (254) | 181 | Pulmonary | GeneXpert MTB/RIF; symptoms of TB or CXR suggestive | 2/12 | 0 (0%), originally exclusion criterion | No; different background regimens between control and intervention arms |
| Ruslami et al. (2007)36 | Outpatients; Indonesia | 10 | 13 | 50 (24) | 25 | Pulmonary | Microscopy; CXR suggestive | 6/12 | At least 1 (0.5%), but unclear; all tested | No; not comparable with any other study |
| Ruslami et al. (2013)14 | Inpatients; Indonesia | 10 | 13 (IV); moxifloxacin two doses; ethambutol | 60 (27) | 12 | Meningeal | Definite, probable or possible TBM | 14/7 | 7 (11.7%), all tested | No; different background regimen between control and intervention arms |
| Sekaggya-Wiltshire et al. (2022)28 | Outpatients; Uganda | 10+dolutegravir, 10+efavirenz | 35+dolutegravir, 35+efavirenz, | 128 (47) | 67 | Pulmonary | GeneXpert MTB/RIF, urine LAM, sputum culture | 8/52 | (128), all tested | Yes |
| Velasquez et al. (2018)8 | Outpatients; Peru | 10 | 15, 20 | 180 (66) | 60 | Pulmonary | Smear positive | 8/52 | 5 (2.8%), all tested | Yes |
| Yunivita et al. (2016)33 | Inpatients; Indonesia | 13 (IV) | 17, 20 | 30 (12) | 10 | Meningeal | Definite, probable or possible TBM | 14/7 | 6 (20%), all tested | No; not comparable with any other study |