Figure 7.

Human T cells and NK cells are activated by VSV-NDV-infected cancer cells in vitro. HepG2 cells pre-infected with VSV-NDV were co-cultured with human PBMCs in a 1:1 ratio for 24 h before analysis by flow cytometry. PBMCs that were not co-cultured served as controls. Activation was measured by (A) expression of CD69 on CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and CD25 expression on CD8⁺ T cells or (B) expression of CD69 and IFN-γ on NK cells (N = 4–5 individual experiments); ** indicates p < 0.01 and **** indicates p < 0.0001.