TABLE 1.
Summary of characteristics of articles
| Noise (n = 4) | Publication year | 2016 (1); 2018 (1); 2019 (2) |
| Study design | Longitudinal (4) | |
| Country | Norway (1); Sweden (1); Denmark (1); Netherlands (1) | |
| Sample size | 1000–5,000 (2); 5000–10,000 (1); 10,000–50,000 (1) | |
| Age group | Children 0–9 y (3); adolescents 10–18 y (2) | |
| Exposure model | Nordic prediction method (3); STAMINA (1) | |
| Outcome variables | BMI (4); overweight/obese classification (4) | |
| Air pollution (n = 14) | Publication year | 2014 (2); 2015 (1); 2017 (3); 2018 (3); 2019 (5) |
| Study design | Cross‐sectional (4); longitudinal (11) | |
| Country | USA (7); UK (1); Italy (1); Spain (1); Sweden (1); Netherlands (1); Hong Kong (1); China (1) | |
| Sample size | <1000 (3); 1000–5000 (7); 5000–10,000 (2); 10,000–50,000 (2) | |
| Age group | Children 0–9 y (11); adolescents 10–18 y (8) | |
| Exposure variables | NOx (11); PM2.5 (8); PM10 (5); SO2 (2); O3 (1) | |
| Outcome variables | BMI (7); overweight/obese classification (7); fat mass (2); waist‐to‐hip ratio (1) | |
| Neighborhood walkability (n = 19) | Publication year | 2007 (1); 2008 (1); 2011 (1); 2012 (1); 2013 (3); 2014 (1); 2015 (2); 2017 (1); 2018 (2); 2019 (5); 2020 (1) |
| Study design | Cross‐sectional (15); longitudinal (5) | |
| Country | USA (12); Canada (3); Germany (1); UK (1); Spain (1); Israel (1) | |
| Sample size | <1000 (9); 5000–10,000 (1); 10,000–50,000 (9) | |
| Age group | Children 0–9 y (13); adolescents 10–18 y (15) | |
| Exposure variables | Walkability index (11); Walk Score (3); intersection density 1(8); residential density (6); land use mix (4) | |
| Outcome variables | BMI‐derived outcomes (BMI‐z, BMI trajectories, overweight, and obesity prevalence) (18); waist circumference (2); skinfold thickness (2); body fat % (1) | |
| Availability and accessibility of parks and playgrounds (n = 28) | Publication year | 2008 (1); 2009 (1); 2011 (3); 2012 (1); 2013 (2); 2014 (3); 2015 (5); 2016 (2); 2017 (4); 2018 (5); 2019 (2) |
| Study design | Cross‐sectional (20); longitudinal (8) | |
| Country | USA (13); UK (4); Germany (2); Spain (2); Netherlands (1) Lithuania (1); Australia (2); Canada (2); Nepal (1) | |
| Sample size | <1000 (7); 1000–5000 (11); 5000–10,000 (4); 10,000–50,000 (6) | |
| Age group | Children 0–9 y (24); adolescents 10–18 y (21) | |
| Exposure variables | Distance (9); park area (11); number of parks (8); presence/absence of parks (6); NDVI (3)|Around home (26); Around school (2).|Playground specific (3) | |
| Outcome variables | BMI derived outcomes (including BMI‐z, BMI trajectories, BMI percentiles, and weight status) (33); waist circumference (1); waist‐to‐height ratio (1); sum of skinfold (1); body fat % (1) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NDVI, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; PM, particulate matter; STAMINA, Standard Model Instrumentation for Noise Assessments; y, years.