Figure 2.

Honey inhibits the growth and metastatic phenotype of PanCa cells. (A). Effect of honey treatment on the viability of MIA PaCa-2, AsPC-1, Capan-2, and HPAF-II cells (24 h). The data are represented as the % viability ± SEM of three replicates of each dose of honey. The level of significance was calculated with respect to untreated control for each cell line. Level of significance: ^ns p ≥ 0.05; * p < 0.01; *** p < 0.0001; **** p < 0.0001. (B). IC₅₀ of honey in various PanCa cell lineages; represented as the % honey ± SEM of three replicates for each cell line. (C,D). Honey reduces the clonogenic ability of MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells. (E–H). Honey reduces the wound-healing potential of MIA PaCa-2 and AsPC-1 cells. The brightfield mages were captured at 0, 24, and 48 h of incubation using Themo Fisher’s EVOSTM M7000 images system at 10X magnification objective lens; the magnification scale bar represents 275 µm. The wound closure (% ±SD) was calculated using GraphPad Prism, and the level of significance (control vs. 3% honey) was determined through a two-tailed unpaired t-test; ^ns p ≥ 0.05; *** p < 0.0005; **** p < 0.0001.