Table 2.
Effect of CBD on inflammatory-disease animal models.
| Model | CBD Doses and Routes of Administration | CBD Effect | Therapeutic Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNBS-induced colitis in mice | Intracolonic administration (1–10 mg/kg for gross evaluations and 5 mg/kg for histologic and expression measurements) | ↓ of colon weight/length ratio ↓ swelling and ↑ gland regeneration ↓ inflammatory cytokines and iNOS ↓ production of ROS and lipid peroxidation |
CBD is effective in treating DNBS-induced colitis | [87] |
| LPS-induced colitis in mice | Intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) |
↓ expression of S100B ↓ enteric glial cell activation and proliferation ↓ activation and prevalence of mast cells and macrophages within the intestine ↓ expression of TNF-α and cleaved caspase-3 |
CBD is effective in treating LPS-induced colitis | [88] |
| TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis in wild-type and CB2 knockout mice | Oral gavage (10 mg/kg) | Δ9-THC prevented colitis in wild-type but not in CB2 knockout mice CBD alone or in combination with Δ9-THC was not effective |
CBD is not effective in treating TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis | [89] |
| DSS-induced colitis in mice | Oral gavage (0.3–30 mg/kg) | Neither fish oil nor CBD alone was effective for colitis Combination of fish oil and CBD ↓ colon inflammation and ↓ the colitis-associated increase in intestinal permeability |
Combination of fish oil and CBD is effective in treating DSS-induced colitis | [90] |
Symbols used: ↑ increase; ↓ decrease/reduce; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; DNBS, dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNBS, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; Δ9-THC, tetrahydrocannabinol; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.