Table 1.

Unadjusted meta-analysis of outcomes for post-stroke delirium

Outcomes	No. of studies	Pooled effect size (95% CI)	p-value	Q-value, p-value, I2 (%)	p-value for Egger’s regression
Mortality
Main analysis, OR	26	4.69 (3.55 to 6.20)	< 0.001	65.47, < 0.001, 61.82	0.82
Subgroup analyses
ICH	1	29.67 (7.19 to 1222.33)	< 0.001	0.00, 1.000, 0.00
IS	5	5.45 (4.39 to 6.77)	< 0.001	2.41, 0.661, 0.00
LOS
Main analysis, SMD	20	1.21 (0.54 to 1.89) *	< 0.001	1588.27, < 0.001, 98.81	< 0.001
Subgroup analyses
ICH	2	2.56 (2.16 to 2.97)	< 0.001	2.20, 0.13, 54.61
IS	5	0.69 (− 0.03 to 1.43)	0.06	118.65, < 0.001, 96.62
Institutionalization
Main analysis, OR	11	4.14 (2.68 to 6.38)	< 0.001	60.75, < 0.001, 83.53	0.34
Subgroup analyses
ICH	1	27.04 (6.55 to 111.63)	< 0.001	0.00, 1.000, 0.00
IS	2	1.59 (1.16 to 2.16)	0.003	1.39, 0.23, 28.34
Cognitive decline
Main analysis
Dichotomized, OR	5	5.68 (3.24 to 9.93)	< 0.001	10.76, 0.096, 44.23	0.79
Continuous, SMD	4	− 2.43 (− 3.92 to 0.93)	0.001	73.21, < 0.001, 95.90	0.14
Dementia
Main analysis, OR	4	4.74 (2.08 to 10.79)	< 0.001	6.80, 0.078, 55.89	0.82
Neurological functional outcomes
Main analysis
Dichotomized, OR	7	8.13 (5.74 to 11.50)	< 0.001	10.97, 0.089, 45.34	0.49
Continuous, SMD	10	3.36 (1.57 to 5.15)	< 0.001	2136.14, < 0.001, 99.58	0.40
Subgroup analyses
ICH	2	5.34 (2.05 to 12.75)	0.157	415.78, < 0.001, 99.75
IS	4	2.23 (0.60 to 5.08)	0.123	903.77, < 0.001, 99.66
Poor quality of life
Dichotomized, OR	1	4.97 (2.26 to 10.94)	< 0.001	-	-
Continuous, SMD	8	-2.56 (-4.44 to 0.68)	0.007	1068.74, < 0.001, 99.34	0.46

Boldface type indicates statistical significance with two-sided p < 0.05

^*Pooled effect size was adjusted by the trim-and-filled method

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, LOS length of stay, OR odds ratio, SMD standardized mean difference, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, IS ischemic stroke