Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Country | Setting | Center | Stroke type | Total sample, n | Delirium cases, n | Average age, mean (SD) |
Gender (M/F) | Delirium assessment | Quality assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gustafson et al., 1991 | Sweden | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 145 | 69 | 73.0 (10.2) | 90/55 | DSM-III | 5 |
| Henon et al., 1999 | France | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 202 | 49 | 75.0 (10.7) | 97/105 | DSM-IV | 8 |
| Caeiro et al., 2004 | Portugal | Stroke Unit | Single | All stroke | 218 | 29 | NA | 130/88 | DSM-IV/DRS | 5 |
| Sheng et al., 2006 | Australia | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 156 | 39 | 79.2 (6.7) | 83/73 | DSM-IV | 8 |
| Dostovic et al., 2009 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Neurology | Single | Acute IS or ICH and SAH | 233 | 59 | NA | NA | DSM-IV/DRS-98 | 5 |
| Manus et al., 2009 | UK | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH excluding SAH | 82 | 23 | 66.4 (15.9) | 51/31 | DSM-III/CAM | 7 |
| Dahl MH, 2010 | Norway | Stroke Unit | Single | All stroke | 178 | 18 | 73.0 | 102/76 | DSM-IV/CAM | 7 |
| Mcmanus et al., 2011 | UK | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH excluding SAH | 82 | 23 | 66.4 (15.9) | 51/31 | DSM-III/CAM | 9 |
| Rijsbergen et al., 2011 | Netherlands | Stroke Unit | Multi-center | Acute IS or ICH excluding SAH | 122 | 61 | 75.1 (10.7) | 29/21 | CAM | 9 |
| Oldenbeuving et al., 2011 | Netherlands | Stroke Unit | Multi-center | Acute IS or ICH excluding SAH and TIA | 527 | 62 | 72 (11.2) | 288/239 | CAM/DRS | 9 |
| Miu et al., 2012 | China | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS excluding TIA or ICH | 314 | 86 | 72.9 (10.3) | 163/151 | DSM-III/CAM | 8 |
| Melkas et al., 2012 | Finland | Helsinki Stroke Aging Memory Cohort | Single | Acute IS | 263 | 50 | 70.8 (7.4) | 135/128 | DSM-IV | 9 |
| Mitasova et al., 2012 | Czech Republic | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS excluding TIA or ICH excluding SAH | 129 | 55 | 71.2 (11.5) | 72/57 |
DSM-IV/ CAM-ICU |
8 |
| Naidech et al., 2013 | USA |
ICU and Stroke Unit |
Single | Acute ICH | 114 | 31 | 62.4 (13.8) | 62/52 |
DSM-IV/ CAM-ICU |
8 |
| Kozak et al., 2016 | Turkey | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS excluding TIA | 60 | 11 | 66.2 (12.5) | 29/31 | DSM-IV/DRS | 6 |
| Chan et al., 2017 | Australia | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS excluding TIA or ICH excluding SAH | 156 | 39 | 79.2 (6.7) | 83/73 | DSM-IV | 8 |
| Rosenthal et al., 2017 | USA | Neuro/Spine ICU | Single | Acute ICH | 174 | 53 | 63.5 | 92/82 | CAM-ICU | 7 |
| Lim et al., 2017 | Korea | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS | 576 | 38 | 65.2 (11.7) | 368/208 |
CAM/ DRS-R-98 |
8 |
| Nydahl et al., 2017 | Germany | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS and ICH including TIA | 309 | 33 | 73.4 (4.7) | NA | CAM | 8 |
| Ojagbemi et al., 2017 | Nigeria | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 99 | 33 | 61.1 (12.9) | 52/47 | CAM/DRS | 7 |
| Qu et al., 2018 | China | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS | 261 | 38 | 61.3 (12.0) | 184/77 | CAM/DRS | 8 |
| Dostovic et al., 2018 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 200 | 100 | NA | NA | DSM-IV/DRS-98 | 7 |
| Kotfis et al., 2019 | Poland | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS | 760 | 121 | 71.6 (12.5) | 393/367 | DSM-V/CAM-ICU | 8 |
| Kotfis et al., 2019 | Poland | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS | 1001 | 172 | 71.0 (3.0) | 523/478 |
DSM-V/ CAM-ICU |
8 |
| Zipser et al., 2019 | Switzerland | Neurology Department | Single | All stroke | 1487 | 356 | 71.2 (13.3) | 836/651 | DSM-V/DOS | 5 |
| Pasinska et al., 2019 | Poland | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH including TIA | 750 | 203 | 71.8 (13.1) | 352/398 | DSM-V/CAM/CAM-ICU | 9 |
| Zaitoun et al., 2019 | Egypt | ICU, Stroke Unit and Neurology | Single | All stroke excluding TIA | 74 | 15 | 60.7 (11.5) | 40/34 | DSM-IV | 7 |
| Aizen et al., 2019 | Israel | Rehabilitation | Single | All stroke | 110 | 30 | 80.2 (8.0) | 53/57 |
CAM/ DRS-R-98 |
6 |
| Kowalska et al., 2020 | Poland | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH including TIA | 750 | 203 | 71.8 (13.1) | 352/398 | DSM-V/CAM/CAM-ICU | 8 |
| Reznik et al., 2021 | USA | Neurocritical Care and Stroke Unit | Single | Acute ICH | 590 | 348 | 70.5 (15.5) | 309/281 | DSM-V | 9 |
| Zipser et al., 2021 | Switzerland | Neurology Department | Single | All stroke | 567 | 221 | 72.3 (4.2) | 331/236 | DSM-V/DOS | 9 |
| Silva et al., 2021 | Brazil | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 227 | 71 | 62.5 (13.5) | 121/106 | CAM-ICU | 9 |
| Czyzycki et al., 2021 | Poland | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS or ICH including TIA | 688 | 169 | 72.4 (5.1) | 318/370 | CAM/CAM-ICU/DSM-V/DRS-R-98 | 8 |
| Stokholm et al., 2021 | Denmark | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS | 64 | 8 | 70 (9.8) | 42/22 | CAM | 5 |
| Dostovic et al., 2021 | Croatia | Neurology Department | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 200 | 100 | NA | NA | DRS-R-98 | 6 |
| Mansutti et al., 2022 | Italy | Stroke Unit | Multi-center | Acute IS or ICH | 78 | 27 | 73.1 (11.5) | 46/32 | 4AT | 5 |
| Rollo et al.,2022 | Italy | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH | 103 | 36 | 75 (3.0) | 62/41 | RASS / CAM-ICU | 8 |
| Nerdal et al., 2022 | Norway | Stroke Unit | Multi-center | Acute IS or ICH | 139 | 13 | 71.4 (13.4) | 73/68 | CAM | 8 |
| Droś et al., 2023 | Poland | Stroke Unit | Single | Acute IS or ICH including TIA | 750 | 203 | 74 (3.16) | 352/398 | bCAM/CAM-ICU/DSM-V | 9 |
Abbreviations: 4AT 4 A’s Test, bCAM abbreviated version of the Confusion Assessment Method, CAM Confusion Assessment Method, CAM-ICU Confusion Assessment Method of the Intensive Care Unit, CAM-S Confusion Assessment Method of Severity, DOS Delirium Observation Screening, DRS Delirium Rating Scale, DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ICH intracranial cerebral hemorrhage, ICU Intensive Care Unit, IS ischemic stroke, NA not available, RASS Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale, SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, TIA transient ischemic attack, USA United States of America, UK United Kingdom