Figure 1.

Process flow diagram of modified fouling rig set-up (a), the feed vessel from the modified fouling rig set-up (b), top-down view of the feed vessel from the modified fouling rig set-up, showing the feed tube designed to return product at an angle to promote turbulence without aeration or foaming (c). The shaded elements highlight the modifications compared to the set-up proposed by Hebishy et al. [21].