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. 2024 Sep 24;13(19):5685. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195685

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Direct comparison of a high-density left atrial voltage map of a patient without (HFA-PEFF score 0) vs. definite HFpEF (HFA-PEFF score 6). Low-voltage areas are defined as <0.5 mV. Patients with HFpEF have a significantly higher likelihood for the presence of low-voltage areas. Besides the presence of low-voltage areas, HFpEF patients show a generally decreased LA bipolar voltage and larger left atrial surface area. HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; AP, anterior–posterior; LAA, left atrial appendage; LIPV, left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV, left superior pulmonary vein; PA, posterior–anterior; RIPV, right inferior pulmonary vein; RSPV, right superior pulmonary vein.