Table 1.
Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures type 4 modified Watson–Jones treated operatively. DCF: Distal Cortical Fixation; PST: Proximal screw technique; Crossed/other: Crossed pins or screws or screws inserted in multiple directions.
| Materials and Methods | Results | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technique Group | Sex | Age | Side | Injury Setting/Mechanism | Follow-Up Duration | NWB (Weeks) | Immobilization Duration (Weeks) | Wound Complications | Change in Coronal Alignment (Degrees) | Change in Sagittal Alignment (Degrees) | |
| 1 | DCF | F | 13.98 | L | Running in soccer | 89 | 5 | 5 | None | −0.60 | 1.80 |
| 2 | DCF | F | 13.87 | R | fall | 24 | 3 | 3 | None | 2.60 | 0.90 |
| 3 | DCF | F | 13.84 | L | Jumping in gymnastics | 74 | 6 | 6 | None | −0.50 | 1.40 |
| 4 | DCF | M | 17.23 | L | Foot caught | 449 | 6 | 6 | None | −1.00 | 0.80 |
| 5 | DCF | M | 14.01 | L | Trampoline | 33 | 4 | 6 | None | 0.00 | 0.30 |
| 6 | DCF | M | 15.20 | L | Basketball, hit knee on a pole | 605 | 7 | 7 | None | 2.00 | 0.70 |
| 7 | DCF | M | 14.66 | L | Jumping in basketball | 140 | 5 | 5 | None | 0.50 | −0.80 |
| 8 | DCF | M | 15.51 | R | Football, while Running | 89 | 5 | 5 | None | 3.10 | 1.40 |
| 9 | DCF | M | 15.83 | L | Kicked in leg playing soccer | 209 | 4 | 4 | None | −2.10 | −3.00 |
| 10 | DCF | M | 12.44 | L | Ran and felt a “pop” | 60 | 4 | 4 | None | 0.80 | −5.10 |
| 11 | DCF | M | 15.59 | L | Jumping in basketball | 15 | 2 | no sufficient follow-up | None | 0.80 | −0.70 |
| 12 | DCF | M | 18.16 | L | Playing basketball | 36 | 5 | 5 | None | 1.00 | −1.70 |
| 13 | DCF | M | 14.37 | r | Jumping at basketball | 775 | 2 | 4 | Serous drainage 2 years after surgery | −3.00 | −3.10 |
| 14 | DCF | M | 13.72 | L | Running in soccer | 179 | 0 | 3 | None | −3.40 | −4.30 |
| 15 | DCF | M | 15.22 | R | Felt a “pop” while running | 583 | 6 | 4 | None | 0.50 | 1.50 |
| 16 | DCF | M | 15.23 | L | Running in basketball | 78 | 4 | 4 | None | −0.10 | 0.20 |
| 17 | DCF | M | 15.66 | R | Jumping in basketball | 155 | 0 | 4 | None | −1.60 | −0.50 |
| 18 | DCF | M | 14.04 | L | Playing bsketball | 289 | 5 | 5 | None | 1.20 | 3.20 |
| 19 | DCF | M | 14.68 | L | Abrupt stop while running | 31 | 6 | 4 | None | 4.10 | −2.20 |
| 20 | DCF | M | 16.24 | L | Jumping in basketball | 391 | 7 | 7 | None | 1.50 | −1.50 |
| 21 | DCF | M | 12.97 | L | Running in dodgeball, head a “pop” | 836 | 4 | 3 | None | 3.00 | −9.30 |
| 22 | PST | M | 14.12 | R | Jumping at basketball | 157 | 4 | 4 | None | −4.30 | −3.30 |
| 23 | PST | M | 14.64 | L | Jumping rope | 194 | 4 | 4 | None | 1.60 | 0.10 |
| 24 | PST | M | 13.91 | L | Trampoline park | 240 | 4 | 4 | None | 1.50 | −10.40 |
| 25 | PST | M | 12.72 | Bil | Slipped on water playing basketball | 366 | 6 | 6 | wound dehiscence | 1.60 | −2.40 |
| 26 | PST | M | 15.68 | L | Jumping hurdles | 117 | 6 | 6 | None | 1.70 | 3.10 |
| 27 | PST | M | 12.87 | R | Trampoline | 41 | 7 | 3 | None | −1.00 | unmeasurable |
| 28 | PST | M | 15.59 | L | 72 | 7 | 7 | None | −0.10 | 1.10 | |
| 29 | PST | M | 14.76 | R | Running/“roughhousing” | 468 | 2 | 8 | None | 2.70 | 1.40 |
| 30 | Crossed | M | 15.50 | R | Jumping in basketball | 97 | 4 | 4 | None | 2.60 | 2.80 |
| 31 | Crossed lateral and medial | M | 14.09 | L | Soccer | 98 | 2 | 7 | None | 1.70 | −4.10 |
| 32 | Crossed lateral and medial | M | 16.35 | R | Jumping on trampoline | 141 | 4 | 4 | None | −1.30 | 8.60 |
| 33 | Crossed lateral and medial | M | 15.85 | R | Stepped wrong on ladder, fell, and hit his knee | 26 | 6 | 3.5 | None | 2.60 | 3.10 |
| 34 | Crossed lateral and medial | M | 15.50 | R | Jumping in basketball | 103 | 4 | 2 | None | 0.10 | 2.20 |
| 35 | Multiple | M | 15.30 | R | Jumping over fence | 366 | 0 | 6 | None | −1.50 | 0.20 |
| 36 | Multiple | M | 15.84 | R | Jumping in basketball | 358 | 6 | 6 | None | −1.60 | 1.00 |
| 37 | Multiple | M | 13.79 | L | Fell while running in baseball | 343 | 4 | 4 | None | −0.20 | −2.60 |