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. 2024 Oct 5;25(19):10728. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910728

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of Sulforaphane, Sinalbin, Di-caffeoylquinic acid, and Cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside on IL-6 production. Data are presented as percentages compared to the negative control (no treatment) valued as 100% from three in vitro assays with different doses (10 µM, 25 µM, and 50 µM) of SFN (A), SNB (B), Di-CQA (C), and Cy3,5DiG (D) for 24 h in the presence of LPS (0.1 µg/mL) as a pro-inflammatory stimulus (N = 3). Values of p were calculated using the ANOVA test with a post hoc Tukey’s HSD test. Statistically significant differences are represented as ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 compared to LPS treatment; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 and ### p < 0.001 compared to the negative control; and § p < 0.05, §§ p < 0.01 and §§§ p < 0.001 for comparisons between different doses of compounds. Dotted lines represent normalized cytokine levels of 100% corresponding to the negative control. SFN, sulforaphane; SNB, sinalbin; Cy3,5DiG, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside; Di-CQA, di-caffeoylquinic acid; IL-6, interleukin 6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.