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. 2024 Sep 29;25(19):10518. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910518
ADME absorption: distribution: metabolism, and excretion
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
CAD coronary artery disease
c - Met c-mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor
DGK-ζ diacylglycerol kinase-ζ
ERK extracellular signal-related kinase
GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide 1
GLUT4 stimulation of glucose transporter type 4
GPx glutathione peroxidase
IKK inhibitor kappa B kinase
IL-1β interleukin-1β
IL-6 interleukin-6
iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase
LPS lipopolysaccharide
MAPKs mitogen-activated protein kinases
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells
Nrf2/HO-1 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1
PLA2G6 phospholipase A2 group VI
PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
SCFAs short-chain fatty acids
Smad2/3 suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3
SOD superoxide dismutase
STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine
TGF-β1 transforming growth factor-β1
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α