Table 2.
Clinical data of the patients included in this study.
| PHVDn (n = 46) | PHVDp (n = 53) | Total (n = 99) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival | 0.045 a | |||
| Deceased n (%) | 18 (39.1) | 11 (20.8) | 29 (29.3) | |
| Survived n (%) | 28 (60.9) | 42 (79.2) | 70 (70.7) | |
| Median day at death (IQR) (days) | 17 (10–25) | |||
| Median GA at death (IQR) (weeks) | 26.57 (25.57–29.14) | |||
| GA at birth | <0.001 b | |||
| Median (IQR) (weeks) | 24.43 (23.57–25.96) | 26.29 (25.29–28.14) | 25.57 (24.14–27.14) | |
| Range | 23.00–29.71 | 23.29–33.29 | 23.00–33.29 | |
| Sex male n (%) | 30 (65.2) | 35 (66.0) | 65 (65.7) | 0.932 a |
| IVHgrade_L | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.167 b |
| 0 n (%) | 5 (10.9) | 1 (1.9) | 6 (6.1) | 0.002 a |
| 2 n (%) | 16 (34.8) | 8 (15.1) | 24 (24.2) | |
| 3 n (%) | 11 (23.9) | 32 (62.3) | 44 (44.4) | |
| 4 n (%) | 14 (30.4) | 11 (20.8) | 25 (25.3) | |
| IVHgrade_R | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.138 b |
| 0 n (%) | 5 (10.9) | 1 (1.9) | 6 (6.1) | 0.042 a |
| 1 n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (1.9) | 4 (4.0) | |
| 2 n (%) | 12 (26.1) | 8 (15.1) | 20 (20.2) | |
| 3 n (%) | 14 (30.4) | 32 (60.4) | 46 (46.5) | |
| 4 n (%) | 12 (26.1) | 11 (20.8) | 23 (23.2) | |
| IVHuni_bi | 0.013 a | |||
| unilateral n (%) | 9 (19.6) | 2 (3.8) | 11 (11.1) | |
| bilateral n (%) | 37 (80.4) | 51 (96.2) | 88 (88.9) | |
| IVHgrade_MAX | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 0.686 b |
| 2 n (%) | 12 (26.1) | 2 (3.8) | 14 (14.1) | 0.002 a |
| 3 n (%) | 13 (28.3) | 32 (60.4) | 45 (45.4) | |
| 4 n (%) | 21 (45.7) | 19 (35.8) | 40 (40.4) | |
| IVHgrade_SUM | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 6 (4–6) | 6 (6–6) | 6 (5–6) | 0.040 b |
| 2 n (%) | 6 (13.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.1) | 0.014 a |
| 3 n (%) | 3 (6.5) | 2 (3.8) | 5 (5.1) | |
| 4 n (%) | 8 (17.4) | 3 (5.7) | 11 (11.1) | |
| 5 n (%) | 5 (10.9) | 6 (11.3) | 11 (11.1) | |
| 6 n (%) | 13 (28.3) | 30 (56.6) | 43 (43.4) | |
| 7 n (%) | 6 (13.0) | 9 (17.0) | 15 (15.2) | |
| 8 n (%) | 5 (10.9) | 3 (5.7) | 8 (8.1) | |
| Number of NSI | <0.001 b | |||
| Median (IQR) | NA | 3 (2–5) | 1 (0–4) | |
| Range | NA | 0.00–10.00 | 0.00–10.00 | |
| Asphyxia n (%) | 10 (21.7) | 13 (24.5) | 23 (23.2) | 0.743 a |
| NAISor neonatal CSVT n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (2.0) | 0.183 a |
| Encephalitis or ventriculitis n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (20.8) | 11 (11.1) | 0.001 a |
| PDA n (%) c | 6 (16.2) | 6 (12.0) | 12 (13.8) | 0.218 a |
| NEC n (%) c | 5 (10.9) | 5 (9.4) | 10 (10.1) | 0.813 a |
| BPD n (%) d | 16 (55.2) | 19 (41.3) | 35 (46.7) | 0.026 a |
| ROP n (%) d | 7 (24.1) | 8 (18.2) | 15 (20.6) | 0.084 a |
| PVL n (%) d | 2 (7.1) | 3 (6.8) | 5 (6.9) | 0.087 a |
a p Values were calculated using Pearson’s Chi-squared test. b p Values were calculated with a Kruskal –Wallis rank sum test. c Only diagnosed in survivors as well as deceased patients in case of survival > 34 weeks GA. d Only diagnosed in survivors as well as deceased patients in case of survival until term. Abbreviations: BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia; CSVT, cerebral sinovenous thrombosis; GA, gestational age; IVH, interventricular hemorrhage; IVHgrade_L, degree of IVH in the left brain hemisphere; IVHgrade_MAX, maximum degree of IVH; IVHgrade_R, degree of IVH in the right brain hemisphere; IVHgrade_SUM, summed degree of IVH; IVHuni_bi, unilateral or bilateral IVH; IQR, interquartile range; NAIS, neonatal arterial ischemic stroke; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; NSI, neurosurgical intervention; PDA, persistent ductus arteriosus; PHVD, posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation; PVL, periventricular leukomalacia; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.