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. 2024 Sep 30;25(19):10524. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910524

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effects of adipose stem cell (ASC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) on cytokine levels. IL-4 level was significantly higher in the CON and PHA group of asthmatic patients than healthy controls. ASC-derived EVs markedly decreased the levels of IL-4 but increased levels of TGF-β in the PHA group of asthmatic patients. IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in the PHA group of asthmatic patients than healthy controls. ASC-derived EVs significantly elevated the IFN-γ levels in the CON group of asthmatic patients and IL-17A levels in the CON group of healthy controls and asthmatic patients. The horizontal lines represent the means. CON, control; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; PHA, phytohemagglutinin; TGF, transforming growth factor. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01.