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. 2024 Sep 29;25(19):10523. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910523

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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In vitro BMSCs recruitment, proliferation and matrix production of the scaffolds. (a) Viability of BMSCs was analyzed by Live/Dead assay (live cells: green, dead cells: red) (scale bar = 100 μm). (b) Morphology of BMSCs was observed via Phalloidin/Hoechst assay under confocal microscopy (cytoskeleton: red, nuclei: blue) (scale bar = 50 μm). (c,d) The viability of BMSCs seeded on different scaffolds were evaluated with CCK-8 assay. (e) The GAG/DNA content in different scaffolds was measured after 14 and 28 days of chondrogenic incubation. (f) The DNA content in different scaffolds was quantified via Hoechst 33258 assay after 14 and 28 days of incubation (* p < 0.05). BMSCs, bone marrow stem cells. CCK-8, cell counting kit-8. MAHA, methacrylated hyaluronic acid. SF, silk fibroin.