Table 3.
Comparison between survivor and deceased groups.
| All Patients (n = 93) | Survivors (n = 48) | Deceased (n = 45) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 79 (70–84) | 81 (72–85) | 0.142 |
| Sex | 62.5% (n = 30) | 66.7% (n = 30) | 0.829 |
| Duration of illness (years) | 4.0 (2.8–5.3) | 4.0 (2.5–5.0) | 0.634 |
| BMI | 21.6 (18.7–24.6) | 21.5 (19.0–24.0) | 0.860 |
| Smoker (ex or current) | 66.7% (n = 32) | 68.9% (n = 31) | 0.829 |
| SpO2 (%) | 90.0 (83.0–94.0) | 84.0 (73–91.0) | 0.008 ** |
| Hypoxemia (<SpO2 94%) | 79.2% (n = 48) | 88.9% (n = 45) | 0.264 |
| RR (breaths/min) | 20 (18–22) | 30 (24–36) | 0.013 * |
| HR (beats/min) | 91(80–106) | 85 (78–102) | 0.997 |
| RR ≥ 20 (breaths/min) | 58.3% (n = 28) | 73.3% (n = 33) | 0.190 |
| RR ≥ 30 (breaths/min) | 12.5%(n = 6) | 33.3% (n = 15) | 0.025 * |
| ΔHR/ΔBT | 27.8 (19.5–117.5) | 35.0(9.6–188) | 0.694 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 36.7 (36.6–37.1) | 36.6 (36.6–36.7) | 0.375 |
| IIPs | 85.4% (n = 41) | 84.4% (n = 38) | 1.0 |
| IPF | 43.8% (n = 21) | 44.4% (n = 20) | 0.824 |
| non-IPF (iNSIP) | 41.7% (n = 20) | 40.0% (n = 18) | 1.0 |
| CTD-ILD | |||
| RA | 6.3% (n = 3) | 11.1% (n = 5) | 0.205 |
| DM | 2.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 0.330 |
| SLE | 2.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 0.330 |
| Stage I or II * | 10.4% (n = 5) | 17.8% (n = 8) | 0.755 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD | 12.5% (n = 6) | 15.6% (n = 7) | 0.769 |
| Cardiac diseases | 16.7% (n = 8) | 31.1% (n = 14) | 0.149 |
| NIDDM type 2 | 16.7% (n = 8) | 11.1% (n = 5) | 0.440 |
| Maintenance hemodialysis | 2.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 0.330 |
| Malignant diseases | 14.5% (n = 7) | 22.9% (n = 11) | 0.871 |
| Previous episodes of AE | 12.5% (n = 6) | 15.6% (n = 7) | 0.769 |
| HOT on admission | 22.9% (n = 11) | 17.8% (n = 8) | 0.612 |
| Hospital days | 28.0 (21.0–39.0) | 18.0 (13.0–33.0) | 0.003 ** |
| Duration of hypoxemia or needs more O2 supply than usual (days) |
9.5 (3.0–13.0) | 10.0(5.0–16.0) | 0.106 |
| Respiratory viruses | 4.2% (n = 2) | 0% (n = 0) | 0.495 |
| Bacteria | 0% (n = 0) | 4.4% (n = 2) | 0.231 |
| Symptoms | |||
| Nasal discharge | 6.3% (n = 3) | 4.4% (n = 2) | 1 |
| Sore throat | 2.1% (n = 1) | 0% (n = 0) | 1 |
| Dyspnea on efforts | 68.8% (n = 33) | 77.8% (n = 35) | 0.358 |
| Antifibrotic agents | 8.3% (n = 4) | 11.1% (n = 5) | 0.735 |
| Treatments | |||
| IVCY | 18.8% (n = 9) | 42.2% (n = 19) | 0.023 * |
| mPSL pulse | 81.3% (n = 39) | 91.1% (n = 41) | 0.235 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| WBC | 9400 (7275–10925) | 11,000 (9100–13,650) | 0.004 ** |
| Monocyte | 7.1 (6.1–10.9) | 6.2 (5.0–7.5) | 0.010 * |
| Albumin | 3.1 (2.7–3.4) | 2.9 (2.5–3.2) | 0.101 |
| Plt | 24.9 (18.1–32.2) | 20.4 (15.2–30.2) | 0.089 |
| CRP | 7.51 (3.60–12.8) | 10.2(5.5–14.4) | 0.114 |
| LDH | 317 (251–363) | 384 (295–517) | 0.004 ** |
| LDH ≥ 350 | 39.6% (n = 19) | 51.1% (n = 23) | 0.005 ** |
| KL-6 | 989 (691–1707) | 988 (547–2145) | 0.913 |
| SP-D | 252 (127–434) | 401 (270–719) | 0.007 ** |
| SP-D ≥ 314 | 29.2% (n = 14) | 40.4% (n = 18) | 0.046 * |
| Pulmonary function test | |||
| VC | 70.8 (55.2–86.6) | 82.6 (60.9–90.2) | 0.639 |
| FVC | 72.5 (56.4–92.6) | 80.9 (63.1–84.7) | 0.736 |
| FEV1.0% | 84.2 (80.1–86.9) | 79.9 (73.1–86.3) | 0.691 |
| %FEV1.0 | 74.8 (59.9–92.8) | 74.2 (70.0–87.0) | 0.791 |
| %DLCO | 41.6 (33.3–54.3) | 57.4 (30.0–70.6) | 0.336 |
| %DLCO/VA | 50.0(40.0–75.3) | 59.4 (49.8–74.3) | 0.428 |
AE, acute exacerbation; BMI, body mass index; BT, body temperature; CTD-ILD, connective tissue disease related to interstitial lung disease; COPD, chronic obstructive lung disease; DM, dermatomyositis; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; DLCO/VA, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide/alveolar volume; FEV1.0%, forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity; %FEV1.0, percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; IIPs, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; mPSL, methylprednisolone; NIDDM, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RR, respiratory rate; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; SpO2, oxygen saturation; IVCY, intravenous cyclophosphamide; VC, vital capacity, Pulmonary function tests were available for 62.5% of the survivor group (n = 30) and 33.3% of the deceased group (n = 15). * means p < 0.05, ** means p < 0.01.