Figure 1.

The correlation between the dysregulation of three crucial signaling pathways and Lenvatinib resistance. The dysregulation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and autophagy signaling pathways was proven to be associated with LEN resistance in HCC treatment. A series of proteins and a range of drugs, including Chinese herbal extracts, anti-tumor targeted drugs, NSAIDs and hypoglycemic drug etc., were observed to directly and indirectly act on corresponding targets associated with these signaling pathways, thus modulating LEN resistance.