Skip to main content
. 2024 Sep 15;14(9):4172–4196. doi: 10.62347/KIVS3169

Figure 3.

Figure 3

RTK-regulated signaling in breast cancer progression. (1) EGFR regulates the activation of JAK/STAT and MAPK signaling pathway to induce expression of stem cell markers leading to enrichment of cancer stem cells. EGFR induces Akt phosphorylation to promote inflammation. EGFR-regulated signaling also plays pivotal role in angiogenesis and metastasis. (2) VEGFR activates JAK/STAT signaling pathway to induce cancer stem cell phenotype through MYC expression. Mutant p53 induces the expression of VEGFR through the interaction with SWI/SNF complex. (3) PDGFR is expressed on stromal cells such as fibroblasts and is a marker of fibroblast activation. PDGFR-regulated STAT activation is involved the differentiation of cancer cells to endothelial cells leading to angiogenesis. (4) FGFR-activated MAPK pathway induces EMT and CSC phenotype. (5) Cooperation between the FGFR and IGF-1R regulates nuclear translocation of Cyclin D1 leading to enhanced cancer cell proliferation.