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. 2024 Sep 28;16(19):3297. doi: 10.3390/nu16193297

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Bone features and gene expression profiles in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with the Styphnolobium japonicum fruit (SJF) and germinated soybean embryo (GSE) complex extract. (A–C) Expression of bone resorption-related genes, evaluated using qPCR, in femoral bone-derived bone marrow cells. (D) Hematoxylin and eosin-stained transverse sections of femur (left panel). Trabecular bone loss area (right panel). (E) Representative X-ray images of femoral bone (left panel). Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) (right panel). Scale bar, 500 µm. The complex extract was prepared by blending the SJF and GSE. 17β-estradiol (E2) was used as a positive control. The results are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, vs. the sham group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, vs. the OVX group. IL-1β, interleukin 1β; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB; TRAP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.