Table 5.

Features of blockchain and smart contract methodologies for social CCAM challenges.

Ref	Challenge	Technology	Advantages	Disadvantages	Impact
[42]	Road Safety	Blockchain—PoW	It reduces the need for processing power in vehicles	Stored feature policies are not dynamic and do not change.	Improving the performance of communications in VANET road safety applications with the help of blockchain technology
[51]	Road Safety	Blockchain—DpoS	Efficient technique in a large and dense number of vehicles	-	The protection against false road events, filtered and stored in the blockchain network using 5G communication, is enhanced in terms of performance and safeguarded against alteration attacks.
[52]	Resource Management	Consortium Blockchain and Smart Contracts—PoA	Elimination of cheaters, complete supplier coverage with short time of searching and reduces costs for purchasers	There is no integration with IoV Infrastructure	Enhance existing energy stations to save energy and protect against Sybil attacks by utilizing blockchain and smart contracts.
[53]	Financial	Blockchain—PoW	The communication load increases linearly in relation to the number of vehicles and not exponentially as it happens in pre-existing techniques.	Data transmission performance decreases for vehicles that are further away from other RSUs.	Application of blockchain on a higher level of VANET architecture for the implementation of an electronic payment system for the vehicles
[54]	Financial	Blockchain—PoW	Fast transaction transfer	The authentication mechanism and communications architecture are not described	Energy exchange in VANET requires a secure and reliable supplier, as well as trusted neighboring vehicles. This methodology presents an effective supplier selection mechanism with secure buyer/seller exchanges for Smart EV charging, aimed at reducing anxiety in VANETs using blockchain technology.
[55]	Social Networking	Permissioned Blockchain—dPoW	Low delays in V2I communications	Cloud servers pose a problem as far as the distributed feature of the methodology is concerned	Integrating and managing social network data exchange between IoV in existing VANETs using a dPoW mechanism within the blockchain network.